Assessing the importance of nitric acid and ammonia for particle growth in the polluted boundary layer

Ruby Marten; Mao Xiao; Mingyi Wang; Weimeng Kong; Xu Cheng He; Dominik Stolzenburg; Joschka Pfeifer; Guillaume Marie; Dongyu S. Wang; Miriam Elser; Andrea Baccarini; Chuan Ping Lee; Antonio Amorim; Rima Baalbaki; David M. Bell; Barbara Bertozzi; Lucía Caudillo; Lubna Dada; Jonathan Duplissy; Henning Finkenzeller; Martin Heinritzi; Markus Lampimäki; Katrianne Lehtipalo; Hanna E. Manninen; Bernhard Mentler; Antti Onnela; Tuukka Petäjä; Maxim Philippov; Birte Rörup; Wiebke Scholz; Jiali Shen; Yee Jun Tham; António Tomé; Andrea C. Wagner; Stefan K. Weber; Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek; Joachim Curtius; Markku Kulmala; Rainer Volkamer; Douglas R. Worsnop; Josef Dommen; Richard C. Flagan; Jasper Kirkby; Neil McPherson Donahue; Houssni Lamkaddam; Urs Baltensperger; Imad El Haddad

doi:10.1039/d3ea00001j

Assessing the importance of nitric acid and ammonia for particle growth in the polluted boundary layer

Ruby Marten
, Mao Xiao
, Mingyi Wang
, Weimeng Kong
, Xu Cheng He
, Dominik Stolzenburg
, Joschka Pfeifer
, Guillaume Marie
, Dongyu S. Wang
, Miriam Elser
, Andrea Baccarini
, Chuan Ping Lee
, Antonio Amorim
, Rima Baalbaki
, David M. Bell
, Barbara Bertozzi
, Lucía Caudillo
, Lubna Dada
, Jonathan Duplissy
, Henning Finkenzeller

Martin Heinritzi, Markus Lampimäki, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Hanna E. Manninen, Bernhard Mentler, Antti Onnela, Tuukka Petäjä, Maxim Philippov, Birte Rörup, Wiebke Scholz, Jiali Shen, Yee Jun Tham, António Tomé, Andrea C. Wagner, Stefan K. Weber, Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek, Joachim Curtius, Markku Kulmala, Rainer Volkamer, Douglas R. Worsnop, Josef Dommen, Richard C. Flagan, Jasper Kirkby, Neil McPherson Donahue, Houssni Lamkaddam^*, Urs Baltensperger, Imad El Haddad^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

11 Citations (Scopus)

23 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Aerosols formed and grown by gas-to-particle processes are a major contributor to smog and haze in megacities, despite the competition between growth and loss rates. Rapid growth rates from ammonium nitrate formation have the potential to sustain particle number in typical urban polluted conditions. This process requires supersaturation of gas-phase ammonia and nitric acid with respect to ammonium nitrate saturation ratios. Urban environments are inhomogeneous. In the troposphere, vertical mixing is fast, and aerosols may experience rapidly changing temperatures. In areas close to sources of pollution, gas-phase concentrations can also be highly variable. In this work we present results from nucleation experiments at −10 °C and 5 °C in the CLOUD chamber at CERN. We verify, using a kinetic model, how long supersaturation is likely to be sustained under urban conditions with temperature and concentration inhomogeneities, and the impact it may have on the particle size distribution. We show that rapid and strong temperature changes of 1 °C min⁻¹ are needed to cause rapid growth of nanoparticles through ammonium nitrate formation. Furthermore, inhomogeneous emissions of ammonia in cities may also cause rapid growth of particles.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	265-274
Number of pages	10
Journal	Environmental Science: Atmospheres
Volume	4
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ea00001j
Publication status	Published - 2024
Publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

We thank the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) for supporting CLOUD with technical and financial resources and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. This research has received funding from the European Community (EC) Seventh Framework Programme and the European Union (EU) H2020 programme (Marie Skłodowska Curie ITN CLOUD-TRAIN grant number 316662 and CLOUD-MOTION grant number 764991); European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 895875 (“NPF-PANDA”); the Swiss National Science Foundation (no. 200021 169090, 200020 172602, 20FI20 172622, and 200021 213071); the US National Science Foundation (NSF; grant numbers AGS1801574, AGS-NUC-1801897, and AGS132089); the German Ministry of Science and Education (project CLOUD-16, 01LK1601A), ACCC Flagship funded by the Academy of Finland grant number 337549; Academy professorship funded by the Academy of Finland (grant no. 302958); Academy of Finland projects no. 325656, 316114, 314798, 325647, 341349 and 349659; “Quantifying carbon sink, CarbonSink+ and their interaction with air quality” INAR project funded by Jane and Aatos Erkko Foundation; Jenny and Antti Wihuri Foundation project “Air pollution cocktail in Gigacity”, European Research Council (ERC) project ATM-GTP Contract No. 742206; the Arena for the gap analysis of the existing Arctic Science Co-Operations (AASCO) funded by Prince Albert Foundation Contract No. 2859; and the Portuguese Science Foundation, FCT, project CERN/FIS-COM/0028/2019. This research was performed before the invasion of Ukraine by Russia on 24 February 2022.

Funders	Funder number
AASCO
Arctic Science Co-Operations
CLOUD-MOTION	764991
National Science Foundation	AGS132089, AGS1801574, AGS-NUC-1801897
Horizon 2020 Framework Programme	895875
Association of Community Cancer Centers
European Commission	316662
European Research Council	742206
Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung	200021 213071, 20FI20 172622, 200020 172602, 200021 169090
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia	CERN/FIS-COM/0028/2019
Academy of Finland	325656, 314798, 341349, 325647, 302958, 337549, 349659, 316114
Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung	01LK1601A, CLOUD-16
Jane ja Aatos Erkon Säätiö
Jenny ja Antti Wihurin rahasto
Seventh Framework Programme
Prince Albert II of Monaco Foundation	2859

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities

Publication forum classification

Publication forum level 1

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Analytical Chemistry
Chemistry (miscellaneous)
Environmental Chemistry
Pollution

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10.1039/d3ea00001jLicence: CC BY-NC

d3ea00001jFinal published version, 869 KBLicence: CC BY-NC

https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:tuni-202402262554Licence: CC BY-NC

Cite this

Marten, R., Xiao, M., Wang, M., Kong, W., He, X. C., Stolzenburg, D., Pfeifer, J., Marie, G., Wang, D. S., Elser, M., Baccarini, A., Lee, C. P., Amorim, A., Baalbaki, R., Bell, D. M., Bertozzi, B., Caudillo, L., Dada, L., Duplissy, J., ... El Haddad, I. (2024). Assessing the importance of nitric acid and ammonia for particle growth in the polluted boundary layer. Environmental Science: Atmospheres, 4(2), 265-274. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ea00001j

@article{1efaac00e4cc4266805e9b4867105ded,

title = "Assessing the importance of nitric acid and ammonia for particle growth in the polluted boundary layer",

abstract = "Aerosols formed and grown by gas-to-particle processes are a major contributor to smog and haze in megacities, despite the competition between growth and loss rates. Rapid growth rates from ammonium nitrate formation have the potential to sustain particle number in typical urban polluted conditions. This process requires supersaturation of gas-phase ammonia and nitric acid with respect to ammonium nitrate saturation ratios. Urban environments are inhomogeneous. In the troposphere, vertical mixing is fast, and aerosols may experience rapidly changing temperatures. In areas close to sources of pollution, gas-phase concentrations can also be highly variable. In this work we present results from nucleation experiments at −10 °C and 5 °C in the CLOUD chamber at CERN. We verify, using a kinetic model, how long supersaturation is likely to be sustained under urban conditions with temperature and concentration inhomogeneities, and the impact it may have on the particle size distribution. We show that rapid and strong temperature changes of 1 °C min−1 are needed to cause rapid growth of nanoparticles through ammonium nitrate formation. Furthermore, inhomogeneous emissions of ammonia in cities may also cause rapid growth of particles.",

author = "Ruby Marten and Mao Xiao and Mingyi Wang and Weimeng Kong and He, \{Xu Cheng\} and Dominik Stolzenburg and Joschka Pfeifer and Guillaume Marie and Wang, \{Dongyu S.\} and Miriam Elser and Andrea Baccarini and Lee, \{Chuan Ping\} and Antonio Amorim and Rima Baalbaki and Bell, \{David M.\} and Barbara Bertozzi and Luc{\'i}a Caudillo and Lubna Dada and Jonathan Duplissy and Henning Finkenzeller and Martin Heinritzi and Markus Lampim{\"a}ki and Katrianne Lehtipalo and Manninen, \{Hanna E.\} and Bernhard Mentler and Antti Onnela and Tuukka Pet{\"a}j{\"a} and Maxim Philippov and Birte R{\"o}rup and Wiebke Scholz and Jiali Shen and Tham, \{Yee Jun\} and Ant{\'o}nio Tom{\'e} and Wagner, \{Andrea C.\} and Weber, \{Stefan K.\} and Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek and Joachim Curtius and Markku Kulmala and Rainer Volkamer and Worsnop, \{Douglas R.\} and Josef Dommen and Flagan, \{Richard C.\} and Jasper Kirkby and \{McPherson Donahue\}, Neil and Houssni Lamkaddam and Urs Baltensperger and \{El Haddad\}, Imad",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2024 RSC",

year = "2024",

doi = "10.1039/d3ea00001j",

language = "English",

volume = "4",

pages = "265--274",

journal = "Environmental Science: Atmospheres",

issn = "2634-3606",

publisher = "Royal Society of Chemistry",

number = "2",

}

Marten, R, Xiao, M, Wang, M, Kong, W, He, XC, Stolzenburg, D, Pfeifer, J, Marie, G, Wang, DS, Elser, M, Baccarini, A, Lee, CP, Amorim, A, Baalbaki, R, Bell, DM, Bertozzi, B, Caudillo, L, Dada, L, Duplissy, J, Finkenzeller, H, Heinritzi, M, Lampimäki, M, Lehtipalo, K, Manninen, HE, Mentler, B, Onnela, A, Petäjä, T, Philippov, M, Rörup, B, Scholz, W, Shen, J, Tham, YJ, Tomé, A, Wagner, AC, Weber, SK, Zauner-Wieczorek, M, Curtius, J, Kulmala, M, Volkamer, R, Worsnop, DR, Dommen, J, Flagan, RC, Kirkby, J, McPherson Donahue, N, Lamkaddam, H, Baltensperger, U & El Haddad, I 2024, 'Assessing the importance of nitric acid and ammonia for particle growth in the polluted boundary layer', Environmental Science: Atmospheres, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 265-274. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ea00001j

TY - JOUR

T1 - Assessing the importance of nitric acid and ammonia for particle growth in the polluted boundary layer

AU - Marten, Ruby

AU - Xiao, Mao

AU - Wang, Mingyi

AU - Kong, Weimeng

AU - He, Xu Cheng

AU - Stolzenburg, Dominik

AU - Pfeifer, Joschka

AU - Marie, Guillaume

AU - Wang, Dongyu S.

AU - Elser, Miriam

AU - Baccarini, Andrea

AU - Lee, Chuan Ping

AU - Amorim, Antonio

AU - Baalbaki, Rima

AU - Bell, David M.

AU - Bertozzi, Barbara

AU - Caudillo, Lucía

AU - Dada, Lubna

AU - Duplissy, Jonathan

AU - Finkenzeller, Henning

AU - Heinritzi, Martin

AU - Lampimäki, Markus

AU - Lehtipalo, Katrianne

AU - Manninen, Hanna E.

AU - Mentler, Bernhard

AU - Onnela, Antti

AU - Petäjä, Tuukka

AU - Philippov, Maxim

AU - Rörup, Birte

AU - Scholz, Wiebke

AU - Shen, Jiali

AU - Tham, Yee Jun

AU - Tomé, António

AU - Wagner, Andrea C.

AU - Weber, Stefan K.

AU - Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel

AU - Curtius, Joachim

AU - Kulmala, Markku

AU - Volkamer, Rainer

AU - Worsnop, Douglas R.

AU - Dommen, Josef

AU - Flagan, Richard C.

AU - Kirkby, Jasper

AU - McPherson Donahue, Neil

AU - Lamkaddam, Houssni

AU - Baltensperger, Urs

AU - El Haddad, Imad

PY - 2024

Y1 - 2024

N2 - Aerosols formed and grown by gas-to-particle processes are a major contributor to smog and haze in megacities, despite the competition between growth and loss rates. Rapid growth rates from ammonium nitrate formation have the potential to sustain particle number in typical urban polluted conditions. This process requires supersaturation of gas-phase ammonia and nitric acid with respect to ammonium nitrate saturation ratios. Urban environments are inhomogeneous. In the troposphere, vertical mixing is fast, and aerosols may experience rapidly changing temperatures. In areas close to sources of pollution, gas-phase concentrations can also be highly variable. In this work we present results from nucleation experiments at −10 °C and 5 °C in the CLOUD chamber at CERN. We verify, using a kinetic model, how long supersaturation is likely to be sustained under urban conditions with temperature and concentration inhomogeneities, and the impact it may have on the particle size distribution. We show that rapid and strong temperature changes of 1 °C min−1 are needed to cause rapid growth of nanoparticles through ammonium nitrate formation. Furthermore, inhomogeneous emissions of ammonia in cities may also cause rapid growth of particles.

AB - Aerosols formed and grown by gas-to-particle processes are a major contributor to smog and haze in megacities, despite the competition between growth and loss rates. Rapid growth rates from ammonium nitrate formation have the potential to sustain particle number in typical urban polluted conditions. This process requires supersaturation of gas-phase ammonia and nitric acid with respect to ammonium nitrate saturation ratios. Urban environments are inhomogeneous. In the troposphere, vertical mixing is fast, and aerosols may experience rapidly changing temperatures. In areas close to sources of pollution, gas-phase concentrations can also be highly variable. In this work we present results from nucleation experiments at −10 °C and 5 °C in the CLOUD chamber at CERN. We verify, using a kinetic model, how long supersaturation is likely to be sustained under urban conditions with temperature and concentration inhomogeneities, and the impact it may have on the particle size distribution. We show that rapid and strong temperature changes of 1 °C min−1 are needed to cause rapid growth of nanoparticles through ammonium nitrate formation. Furthermore, inhomogeneous emissions of ammonia in cities may also cause rapid growth of particles.

U2 - 10.1039/d3ea00001j

DO - 10.1039/d3ea00001j

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85183507409

SN - 2634-3606

VL - 4

SP - 265

EP - 274

JO - Environmental Science: Atmospheres

JF - Environmental Science: Atmospheres

IS - 2

ER -

Assessing the importance of nitric acid and ammonia for particle growth in the polluted boundary layer

Abstract

Funding

UN SDGs

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ASJC Scopus subject areas

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