TY - JOUR
T1 - Automatic processing of changes in facial emotions in dysphoria
T2 - A magnetoencephalography study
AU - Xu, Qianru
AU - Ruohonen, Elisa M.
AU - Ye, Chaoxiong
AU - Li, Xueqiao
AU - Kreegipuu, Kairi
AU - Stefanics, Gabor
AU - Luo, Wenbo
AU - Astikainen, Piia
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 31371033) to WL. KK was supported by the Institutional Research Grant IUT02-13 from Estonian Research Council.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 Xu, Ruohonen, Ye, Li, Kreegipuu, Stefanics, Luo and Astikainen.
Copyright:
Copyright 2018 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2018/5/4
Y1 - 2018/5/4
N2 - It is not known to what extent the automatic encoding and change detection of peripherally presented facial emotion is altered in dysphoria. The negative bias in automatic face processing in particular has rarely been studied. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to record automatic brain responses to happy and sad faces in dysphoric (Beck’s Depression Inventory ≥ 13) and control participants. Stimuli were presented in a passive oddball condition, which allowed potential negative bias in dysphoria at different stages of face processing (M100, M170, and M300) and alterations of change detection (visual mismatch negativity, vMMN) to be investigated. The magnetic counterpart of the vMMN was elicited at all stages of face processing, indexing automatic deviance detection in facial emotions. The M170 amplitude was modulated by emotion, response amplitudes being larger for sad faces than happy faces. Group differences were found for the M300, and they were indexed by two different interaction effects. At the left occipital region of interest, the dysphoric group had larger amplitudes for sad than happy deviant faces, reflecting negative bias in deviance detection, which was not found in the control group. On the other hand, the dysphoric group showed no vMMN to changes in facial emotions, while the vMMN was observed in the control group at the right occipital region of interest. Our results indicate that there is a negative bias in automatic visual deviance detection, but also a general change detection deficit in dysphoria.
AB - It is not known to what extent the automatic encoding and change detection of peripherally presented facial emotion is altered in dysphoria. The negative bias in automatic face processing in particular has rarely been studied. We used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to record automatic brain responses to happy and sad faces in dysphoric (Beck’s Depression Inventory ≥ 13) and control participants. Stimuli were presented in a passive oddball condition, which allowed potential negative bias in dysphoria at different stages of face processing (M100, M170, and M300) and alterations of change detection (visual mismatch negativity, vMMN) to be investigated. The magnetic counterpart of the vMMN was elicited at all stages of face processing, indexing automatic deviance detection in facial emotions. The M170 amplitude was modulated by emotion, response amplitudes being larger for sad faces than happy faces. Group differences were found for the M300, and they were indexed by two different interaction effects. At the left occipital region of interest, the dysphoric group had larger amplitudes for sad than happy deviant faces, reflecting negative bias in deviance detection, which was not found in the control group. On the other hand, the dysphoric group showed no vMMN to changes in facial emotions, while the vMMN was observed in the control group at the right occipital region of interest. Our results indicate that there is a negative bias in automatic visual deviance detection, but also a general change detection deficit in dysphoria.
KW - Automatic
KW - Change detection
KW - Dysphoria
KW - Emotional faces
KW - Magnetoencephalography
U2 - 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00186
DO - 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00186
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85046897682
SN - 1662-5161
VL - 12
JO - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
JF - Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
M1 - 186
ER -