Battery Lifetime and Power Consumption in 5G Systems with Intra- and Inter-RAT Dual-Connectivity

Darya Ostrikova, Vitalii Beschastnyi, Dmitri Moltchanov, Elizaveta Golos, Yuliya Gaidamaka, Ilya Ivanov, Yevgeni Koucheryavy, Konstantin Samouylov

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleScientificpeer-review

1 Citation (Scopus)
3 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

The 5G millimeter wave (mmWave) New Radio (NR) systems are prone to blockage and micromobility effects. To improve service reliability, 3GPP proposed a dual-connectivity allowing UE to maintain links to two base stations (BS). However, this functionality is power-hungry resulting in a trade-off between performance and power efficiency. In this paper, we compare user equipment (UE) power efficiency, consumption, and battery lifetime for different intra- and inter-radio access technologies single- and dual-connectivity under different UE usage scenarios, micromobility, and blockage impairments. We evaluate five schemes: (i) BSs in FR1 and FR2 bands (NR-DC FR1/FR2), (ii) BSs in FR2 band (NR-DC FR2/FR2), and (iii) LTE BS and NR BS in FR2 band (EN-DC LTE/FR2), (iv) NR FR1, and (iv) LTE. Our results show that the LTE-only scheme provides three times longer battery lifetime as compared to its nearest rival-NR FR1 single-connectivity option. For dual-connectivity options, the best lifetime is observed for EN-DC FR2/LTE, and the worst – for NR-DC FR2/FR1. The difference between NR-DC FR2/FR1 and NR-DC FR2/FR2 schemes is negligible. Densification negatively affects all the dual-connectivity schemes as it forces UEs to switch between master and backup technologies more often. We recommend EN-DC FR2/LTE for low-traffic outage-sensitive applications, while NR-DC FR2/FR2-for heavy-traffic outage non-sensitive applications.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)5511-5526
Number of pages15
JournalIEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
Volume23
Issue number5
Early online date4 Sept 2023
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 May 2024
Publication typeA1 Journal article-refereed

Keywords

  • 3GPP
  • 5G
  • Batteries
  • battery lifetime
  • dual-connectivity
  • Markov processes
  • millimeter wave
  • Millimeter wave communication
  • Mobile computing
  • New Radio
  • power consumption
  • Power demand
  • power efficiency
  • Reliability

Publication forum classification

  • Publication forum level 3

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Software
  • Computer Networks and Communications
  • Electrical and Electronic Engineering

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