TY - JOUR
T1 - Black carbon toxicity dependence on particle coating
T2 - Measurements with a novel cell exposure method
AU - Hakkarainen, Henri
AU - Salo, Laura
AU - Mikkonen, Santtu
AU - Saarikoski, Sanna
AU - Aurela, Minna
AU - Teinilä, Kimmo
AU - Ihalainen, Mika
AU - Martikainen, Sampsa
AU - Marjanen, Petteri
AU - Lepistö, Teemu
AU - Kuittinen, Niina
AU - Saarnio, Karri
AU - Aakko-Saksa, Päivi
AU - Pfeiffer, Tobias V
AU - Timonen, Hilkka
AU - Rönkkö, Topi
AU - Jalava, Pasi I
N1 - Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2022/9/10
Y1 - 2022/9/10
N2 - Black carbon (BC) is a component of ambient particulate matter which originates from incomplete combustion emissions. BC is regarded as an important short-lived climate forcer, and a significant public health hazard. These two concerns have made BC a focus in aerosol science. Even though, the toxicity of BC particles is well recognized, the mechanism of toxicity for BC as a part of the total gas and particle emission mixture from combustion is still largely unknown and studies concerning it are scarce. In the present study, using a novel thermophoresis-based air-liquid interface (ALI) in vitro exposure system, we studied the toxicity of combustion-generated aerosols containing high levels of BC, diluted to atmospheric levels (1 to 10 μg/m3). Applying multiple different aerosol treatments, we simulated different sources and atmospheric aging processes, and utilizing several toxicological endpoints, we thoroughly examined emission toxicity. Our results revealed that an organic coating on the BC particles increased the toxicity, which was seen as larger genotoxicity and immunosuppression. Furthermore, aging of the aerosol also increased its toxicity. A deeper statistical analysis of the results supported our initial conclusions and additionally revealed that toxicity increased with decreasing particle size. These findings regarding BC toxicity can be applied to support policies and technologies to reduce the most hazardous compositions of BC emissions. Additionally, our study showed that the thermophoretic ALI system is both a suitable and useful tool for toxicological studies of emission aerosols.
AB - Black carbon (BC) is a component of ambient particulate matter which originates from incomplete combustion emissions. BC is regarded as an important short-lived climate forcer, and a significant public health hazard. These two concerns have made BC a focus in aerosol science. Even though, the toxicity of BC particles is well recognized, the mechanism of toxicity for BC as a part of the total gas and particle emission mixture from combustion is still largely unknown and studies concerning it are scarce. In the present study, using a novel thermophoresis-based air-liquid interface (ALI) in vitro exposure system, we studied the toxicity of combustion-generated aerosols containing high levels of BC, diluted to atmospheric levels (1 to 10 μg/m3). Applying multiple different aerosol treatments, we simulated different sources and atmospheric aging processes, and utilizing several toxicological endpoints, we thoroughly examined emission toxicity. Our results revealed that an organic coating on the BC particles increased the toxicity, which was seen as larger genotoxicity and immunosuppression. Furthermore, aging of the aerosol also increased its toxicity. A deeper statistical analysis of the results supported our initial conclusions and additionally revealed that toxicity increased with decreasing particle size. These findings regarding BC toxicity can be applied to support policies and technologies to reduce the most hazardous compositions of BC emissions. Additionally, our study showed that the thermophoretic ALI system is both a suitable and useful tool for toxicological studies of emission aerosols.
U2 - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156543
DO - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156543
M3 - Article
C2 - 35679919
SN - 0048-9697
VL - 838
JO - Science of the Total Environment
JF - Science of the Total Environment
ER -
