Considerations in analysing elemental carbon from marine engine exhaust using residual, distillate and biofuels

Päivi Aakko-Saksa; Päivi Koponen; Minna Aurela; Hannu Vesala; Pekka Piimäkorpi; Timo Murtonen; Olli Sippula; Hanna Koponen; Panu Karjalainen; Niina Kuittinen; Pavlos Panteliadis; Topi Rönkkö; Hilkka Timonen

doi:10.1016/j.jaerosci.2018.09.005

Considerations in analysing elemental carbon from marine engine exhaust using residual, distillate and biofuels

Päivi Aakko-Saksa^*
, Päivi Koponen
, Minna Aurela
, Hannu Vesala
, Pekka Piimäkorpi
, Timo Murtonen
, Olli Sippula
, Hanna Koponen
, Panu Karjalainen
, Niina Kuittinen
, Pavlos Panteliadis
, Topi Rönkkö
, Hilkka Timonen

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

22 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Elemental carbon (EC) concentrations in the exhaust of a medium-speed marine engine was evaluated using thermal-optical analysis (TOA). Particulate matter (PM) samples were collected at 75% and 25% engine loads using residual and distillate fuels with sulphur contents of 2.5%, 0.5% and 0.1%, and a biofuel (30% of bio-component). The EC analysis of PM samples from a marine engine proved to be challenging. For example, transformations of structure of the sampled particles in the inert and the oxygen mode were observed for marine engine exhaust samples. The relationship between constituents present in the samples from the marine engine using different fuels, and phenomena observed in the thermograms are discussed. Temperature protocol selection and sample pre-treatment (extractions and drying) affected the reported EC mass. Modifications in the methodology were suggested to increase the accuracy of the analysis. Repeatability and reproducibility of the EC analysis was studied in the round-robin of three laboratories.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	191-204
Number of pages	14
Journal	Journal of Aerosol Science
Volume	126
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2018.09.005
Publication status	Published - Dec 2018
Publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

This work was supported by Tekes (the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation , Finland), Grant 40356/14 , Trafi ( Finnish Transport Safety Agency ) Grant 17834/2016 and industrial partners in Finland Wärtsilä, Pegasor, Spectral Engines, Gasmet, VG-Shipping, HaminaKotka Satama Oy, Oiltanking Finland Oy and Kine Robotics. The authors would like to thank the following personnel for their contributions to the project: Jarmo Kuusisto, Jarno Martikainen, Matti Niinistö, Pekka Piimäkorpi, at VTT, Jesse Jokela and Sanna Saarikoski at FMI, Fanni Mylläri and Hugo Wihersaari at TUT, and many experts within industrial partners, particularly Heikki Korpi and Göran Hellen at Wärtsilä. Maija Lappi is acknowledged for her earlier work on TOA at VTT. Acknowledgements are given to reviewers for valuable comments and remarks. Appendix A

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 14 Life Below Water

Keywords

Elemental carbon EC
Fuel
Marine engine
Round-robin
Thermal-optical analysis TOA
Thermogram

Publication forum classification

Publication forum level 1

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Environmental Chemistry
General Materials Science
Pollution

Access to Document

10.1016/j.jaerosci.2018.09.005

Cite this

Aakko-Saksa, P., Koponen, P., Aurela, M., Vesala, H., Piimäkorpi, P., Murtonen, T., Sippula, O., Koponen, H., Karjalainen, P., Kuittinen, N., Panteliadis, P., Rönkkö, T., & Timonen, H. (2018). Considerations in analysing elemental carbon from marine engine exhaust using residual, distillate and biofuels. Journal of Aerosol Science, 126, 191-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2018.09.005

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title = "Considerations in analysing elemental carbon from marine engine exhaust using residual, distillate and biofuels",

abstract = "Elemental carbon (EC) concentrations in the exhaust of a medium-speed marine engine was evaluated using thermal-optical analysis (TOA). Particulate matter (PM) samples were collected at 75\% and 25\% engine loads using residual and distillate fuels with sulphur contents of 2.5\%, 0.5\% and 0.1\%, and a biofuel (30\% of bio-component). The EC analysis of PM samples from a marine engine proved to be challenging. For example, transformations of structure of the sampled particles in the inert and the oxygen mode were observed for marine engine exhaust samples. The relationship between constituents present in the samples from the marine engine using different fuels, and phenomena observed in the thermograms are discussed. Temperature protocol selection and sample pre-treatment (extractions and drying) affected the reported EC mass. Modifications in the methodology were suggested to increase the accuracy of the analysis. Repeatability and reproducibility of the EC analysis was studied in the round-robin of three laboratories.",

keywords = "Elemental carbon EC, Fuel, Marine engine, Round-robin, Thermal-optical analysis TOA, Thermogram",

author = "P{\"a}ivi Aakko-Saksa and P{\"a}ivi Koponen and Minna Aurela and Hannu Vesala and Pekka Piim{\"a}korpi and Timo Murtonen and Olli Sippula and Hanna Koponen and Panu Karjalainen and Niina Kuittinen and Pavlos Panteliadis and Topi R{\"o}nkk{\"o} and Hilkka Timonen",

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Aakko-Saksa, P, Koponen, P, Aurela, M, Vesala, H, Piimäkorpi, P, Murtonen, T, Sippula, O, Koponen, H, Karjalainen, P , Kuittinen, N, Panteliadis, P, Rönkkö, T & Timonen, H 2018, 'Considerations in analysing elemental carbon from marine engine exhaust using residual, distillate and biofuels', Journal of Aerosol Science, vol. 126, pp. 191-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2018.09.005

TY - JOUR

T1 - Considerations in analysing elemental carbon from marine engine exhaust using residual, distillate and biofuels

AU - Aakko-Saksa, Päivi

AU - Koponen, Päivi

AU - Aurela, Minna

AU - Vesala, Hannu

AU - Piimäkorpi, Pekka

AU - Murtonen, Timo

AU - Sippula, Olli

AU - Koponen, Hanna

AU - Karjalainen, Panu

AU - Kuittinen, Niina

AU - Panteliadis, Pavlos

AU - Rönkkö, Topi

AU - Timonen, Hilkka

PY - 2018/12

Y1 - 2018/12

N2 - Elemental carbon (EC) concentrations in the exhaust of a medium-speed marine engine was evaluated using thermal-optical analysis (TOA). Particulate matter (PM) samples were collected at 75% and 25% engine loads using residual and distillate fuels with sulphur contents of 2.5%, 0.5% and 0.1%, and a biofuel (30% of bio-component). The EC analysis of PM samples from a marine engine proved to be challenging. For example, transformations of structure of the sampled particles in the inert and the oxygen mode were observed for marine engine exhaust samples. The relationship between constituents present in the samples from the marine engine using different fuels, and phenomena observed in the thermograms are discussed. Temperature protocol selection and sample pre-treatment (extractions and drying) affected the reported EC mass. Modifications in the methodology were suggested to increase the accuracy of the analysis. Repeatability and reproducibility of the EC analysis was studied in the round-robin of three laboratories.

AB - Elemental carbon (EC) concentrations in the exhaust of a medium-speed marine engine was evaluated using thermal-optical analysis (TOA). Particulate matter (PM) samples were collected at 75% and 25% engine loads using residual and distillate fuels with sulphur contents of 2.5%, 0.5% and 0.1%, and a biofuel (30% of bio-component). The EC analysis of PM samples from a marine engine proved to be challenging. For example, transformations of structure of the sampled particles in the inert and the oxygen mode were observed for marine engine exhaust samples. The relationship between constituents present in the samples from the marine engine using different fuels, and phenomena observed in the thermograms are discussed. Temperature protocol selection and sample pre-treatment (extractions and drying) affected the reported EC mass. Modifications in the methodology were suggested to increase the accuracy of the analysis. Repeatability and reproducibility of the EC analysis was studied in the round-robin of three laboratories.

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KW - Fuel

KW - Marine engine

KW - Round-robin

KW - Thermal-optical analysis TOA

KW - Thermogram

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DO - 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2018.09.005

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85054296019

SN - 0021-8502

VL - 126

SP - 191

EP - 204

JO - Journal of Aerosol Science

JF - Journal of Aerosol Science

ER -

Considerations in analysing elemental carbon from marine engine exhaust using residual, distillate and biofuels

Abstract

Funding

UN SDGs

Keywords

Publication forum classification

ASJC Scopus subject areas

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