Do cobalt or chromium accumulate in metal-on-metal hip arthroplasty patients who have mild, moderate, or severe renal insufficiency?

Eveliina Manninen, Olli Lainiala, Mari Karsikas, Aleksi Reito, Pyry Jämsä, Antti Eskelinen

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleScientificpeer-review

Abstract

AIMS: To find out if there is an inverse association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and whole blood cobalt (Co) and chromium (Cr) levels in patients with metal-on-metal (MoM) hip arthroplasties and renal insufficiency, suggesting that renal insufficiency could cause accumulation of Co and Cr in blood. METHODS: Out of 2,520 patients with 3,013 MoM hip arthroplasties, we identified 1,244 patients with whole blood Co, Cr, and creatinine measured within no more than a one-year interval. We analyzed the correlation of blood metal ion levels and eGFR to identify a potential trend of accumulating Co or Cr with decreasing eGFR. RESULTS: Of the 1,244 patients, 112 had normal renal function (eGFR > 90 ml/min/1.73 m2), 715 had mild renal insufficiency (eGFR 60 to 89), 384 had moderate renal insufficiency (eGFR 30 to 59), 27 had severe renal insufficiency (eGFR 15 to 29), and six had end-stage renal insufficiency (eGFR < 15). Median eGFR was 68 ml/min/1.73 m2 (interquartile range (IQR) 56 to 82), median whole blood Co was 3.3 µg/l (IQR 1.1 to 9.9), and median Cr was 2.0 µg/l (IQR 1.2 to 3.6). We did not observe an association between decreased eGFR and increased whole blood Co and Cr concentrations, but instead both increased Co and Cr were associated with higher eGFR, indicating better kidney function. CONCLUSION: As patients with MoM hip arthroplasties get older, the prevalence of renal insufficiency among them will increase, and orthopaedic surgeons will increasingly have to evaluate whether or not this affects patient follow-up. The USA Food and Drug Administration suggests that closer follow-up may be needed for MoM patients with renal insufficiency. We did not observe accumulation of blood Co or Cr in MoM hip arthroplasty patients with mild to severe renal insufficiency. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(7):1231-1237.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1231-1237
Number of pages7
JournalBone & Joint Journal
Volume103-B
Issue number7
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 1 Jul 2021
Publication typeA1 Journal article-refereed

Keywords

  • Bearing surface
  • Chromium
  • Cobalt
  • Hip
  • Hip resurfacing
  • Kidney
  • Kidney failure
  • Metal-on-metal
  • Renal insufficiency

Publication forum classification

  • Publication forum level 2

ASJC Scopus subject areas

  • Surgery
  • Orthopedics and Sports Medicine

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