Effect of non-cephalosporin antibiotic prophylaxis on the risk of periprosthetic joint infection after total joint replacement surgery: a retrospective study with a 1-year follow-up

Meeri Honkanen, Simo Sirkeoja, Matti Karppelin, Antti Eskelinen, Jaana Syrjänen

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Cephalosporins are recommended as first-line antibiotic prophylaxis in total joint replacement surgery. Studies have shown an increased risk for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) when non-cephalosporin antibiotics have been used. This study examines the effect of non-cephalosporin antibiotic prophylaxis on the risk for PJI.

METHODS: Patients with a primary hip or knee replacement performed from 2012 to 2020 were identified (27 220 joint replacements). The primary outcome was the occurrence of a PJI in a one-year follow-up. The association between perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis and the outcome was examined using logistic regression analysis.

DISCUSSION: Cefuroxime was used as prophylaxis in 26,467 operations (97.2%), clindamycin in 654 (2.4%) and vancomycin in 72 (0.3%). The incidence of PJI was 0.86% (228/26,467) with cefuroxime and 0.80% (6/753) with other prophylactic antibiotics. There was no difference in the risk for PJI with different prophylactic antibiotics in the univariate (OR 1.06, 95% CI 0.47-2.39) or multivariable analysis (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.45-2.30).

CONCLUSION: Non-cephalosporin antibiotic prophylaxis in primary total joint replacement surgery was not associated with an increased risk for PJI.

Original languageEnglish
Article number100285
Number of pages4
JournalInfection prevention in practice
Volume5
Issue number2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Jun 2023
Publication typeA1 Journal article-refereed

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  • Publication forum level 1

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