Evaluating Particulate Emissions from a Flexible Fuel Vehicle with Direct Injection when Operated on Ethanol and Iso-butanol Blends

George Karavalakis; Daniel Short; Vincent Chen; Carlos Espinoza; Tyler Berte; Thomas Durbin; Akua Asa-Awuku; Heejung Jung; Leonidas Ntziachristos; Stavros Amanatidis; Alexander Bergmann

doi:10.4271/2014-01-2768

Evaluating Particulate Emissions from a Flexible Fuel Vehicle with Direct Injection when Operated on Ethanol and Iso-butanol Blends

George Karavalakis, Daniel Short, Vincent Chen, Carlos Espinoza, Tyler Berte, Thomas Durbin, Akua Asa-Awuku, Heejung Jung, Leonidas Ntziachristos, Stavros Amanatidis, Alexander Bergmann

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Scientific › peer-review

9 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The relationship between ethanol and iso-butanol fuel concentrations and vehicle particulate matter emissions was investigated. This study utilized a gasoline direct injection (GDI) flexible fuel vehicle (FFV) with wall-guided fueling system tested with four fuels, including E10, E51, E83, and an iso-butanol blend at a proportion of 55% by volume. Emission measurements were conducted over the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) driving cycle on a chassis dynamometer with an emphasis on the physical and chemical characterization of particulate matter (PM) emissions. The results indicated that the addition of higher ethanol blends and the iso-butanol blend resulted in large reductions in PM mass, soot, and total and solid particle number emissions. PM emissions for the baseline E10 fuel were characterized by a higher fraction of elemental carbon (EC), whereas the PM emissions for the higher ethanol blends were more organic carbon (OC) in nature. The higher ethanol blends and the iso-butanol blend showed lower concentrations of accumulation mode particles and size distributions shifted to smaller particle sizes compared to E10. In addition, the majority of trace elements and metals showed clear reductions with increasing alcohol content into gasoline.

Original language	English
Title of host publication	SAE 2014 International Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, FFL 2014
Publisher	SAE International
Volume	2014-October
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-2768
Publication status	Published - 13 Oct 2014
Publication type	A4 Article in conference proceedings
Event	SAE 2014 International Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, FFL 2014 - Birmingham, United Kingdom Duration: 20 Oct 2014 → 22 Oct 2014

Conference

Conference	SAE 2014 International Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, FFL 2014
Country/Territory	United Kingdom
City	Birmingham
Period	20/10/14 → 22/10/14

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Automotive Engineering
Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Pollution
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering

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10.4271/2014-01-2768

Cite this

Karavalakis, G., Short, D., Chen, V., Espinoza, C., Berte, T., Durbin, T., Asa-Awuku, A., Jung, H., Ntziachristos, L., Amanatidis, S., & Bergmann, A. (2014). Evaluating Particulate Emissions from a Flexible Fuel Vehicle with Direct Injection when Operated on Ethanol and Iso-butanol Blends. In SAE 2014 International Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, FFL 2014 (Vol. 2014-October). SAE International. https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-2768

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title = "Evaluating Particulate Emissions from a Flexible Fuel Vehicle with Direct Injection when Operated on Ethanol and Iso-butanol Blends",

abstract = "The relationship between ethanol and iso-butanol fuel concentrations and vehicle particulate matter emissions was investigated. This study utilized a gasoline direct injection (GDI) flexible fuel vehicle (FFV) with wall-guided fueling system tested with four fuels, including E10, E51, E83, and an iso-butanol blend at a proportion of 55% by volume. Emission measurements were conducted over the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) driving cycle on a chassis dynamometer with an emphasis on the physical and chemical characterization of particulate matter (PM) emissions. The results indicated that the addition of higher ethanol blends and the iso-butanol blend resulted in large reductions in PM mass, soot, and total and solid particle number emissions. PM emissions for the baseline E10 fuel were characterized by a higher fraction of elemental carbon (EC), whereas the PM emissions for the higher ethanol blends were more organic carbon (OC) in nature. The higher ethanol blends and the iso-butanol blend showed lower concentrations of accumulation mode particles and size distributions shifted to smaller particle sizes compared to E10. In addition, the majority of trace elements and metals showed clear reductions with increasing alcohol content into gasoline.",

author = "George Karavalakis and Daniel Short and Vincent Chen and Carlos Espinoza and Tyler Berte and Thomas Durbin and Akua Asa-Awuku and Heejung Jung and Leonidas Ntziachristos and Stavros Amanatidis and Alexander Bergmann",

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Karavalakis, G, Short, D, Chen, V, Espinoza, C, Berte, T, Durbin, T, Asa-Awuku, A, Jung, H, Ntziachristos, L, Amanatidis, S & Bergmann, A 2014, Evaluating Particulate Emissions from a Flexible Fuel Vehicle with Direct Injection when Operated on Ethanol and Iso-butanol Blends. in SAE 2014 International Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, FFL 2014. vol. 2014-October, SAE International, SAE 2014 International Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, FFL 2014, Birmingham, United Kingdom, 20/10/14. https://doi.org/10.4271/2014-01-2768

Evaluating Particulate Emissions from a Flexible Fuel Vehicle with Direct Injection when Operated on Ethanol and Iso-butanol Blends. / Karavalakis, George; Short, Daniel; Chen, Vincent et al.
SAE 2014 International Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, FFL 2014. Vol. 2014-October SAE International, 2014.

Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceeding › Conference contribution › Scientific › peer-review

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AU - Karavalakis, George

AU - Short, Daniel

AU - Chen, Vincent

AU - Espinoza, Carlos

AU - Berte, Tyler

AU - Durbin, Thomas

AU - Asa-Awuku, Akua

AU - Jung, Heejung

AU - Ntziachristos, Leonidas

AU - Amanatidis, Stavros

AU - Bergmann, Alexander

PY - 2014/10/13

Y1 - 2014/10/13

N2 - The relationship between ethanol and iso-butanol fuel concentrations and vehicle particulate matter emissions was investigated. This study utilized a gasoline direct injection (GDI) flexible fuel vehicle (FFV) with wall-guided fueling system tested with four fuels, including E10, E51, E83, and an iso-butanol blend at a proportion of 55% by volume. Emission measurements were conducted over the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) driving cycle on a chassis dynamometer with an emphasis on the physical and chemical characterization of particulate matter (PM) emissions. The results indicated that the addition of higher ethanol blends and the iso-butanol blend resulted in large reductions in PM mass, soot, and total and solid particle number emissions. PM emissions for the baseline E10 fuel were characterized by a higher fraction of elemental carbon (EC), whereas the PM emissions for the higher ethanol blends were more organic carbon (OC) in nature. The higher ethanol blends and the iso-butanol blend showed lower concentrations of accumulation mode particles and size distributions shifted to smaller particle sizes compared to E10. In addition, the majority of trace elements and metals showed clear reductions with increasing alcohol content into gasoline.

AB - The relationship between ethanol and iso-butanol fuel concentrations and vehicle particulate matter emissions was investigated. This study utilized a gasoline direct injection (GDI) flexible fuel vehicle (FFV) with wall-guided fueling system tested with four fuels, including E10, E51, E83, and an iso-butanol blend at a proportion of 55% by volume. Emission measurements were conducted over the Federal Test Procedure (FTP) driving cycle on a chassis dynamometer with an emphasis on the physical and chemical characterization of particulate matter (PM) emissions. The results indicated that the addition of higher ethanol blends and the iso-butanol blend resulted in large reductions in PM mass, soot, and total and solid particle number emissions. PM emissions for the baseline E10 fuel were characterized by a higher fraction of elemental carbon (EC), whereas the PM emissions for the higher ethanol blends were more organic carbon (OC) in nature. The higher ethanol blends and the iso-butanol blend showed lower concentrations of accumulation mode particles and size distributions shifted to smaller particle sizes compared to E10. In addition, the majority of trace elements and metals showed clear reductions with increasing alcohol content into gasoline.

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M3 - Conference contribution

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VL - 2014-October

BT - SAE 2014 International Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, FFL 2014

PB - SAE International

T2 - SAE 2014 International Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting, FFL 2014

Y2 - 20 October 2014 through 22 October 2014

ER -

Evaluating Particulate Emissions from a Flexible Fuel Vehicle with Direct Injection when Operated on Ethanol and Iso-butanol Blends

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