Gut biomolecules (I-FABP, TFF3 and lipocalin-2) are associated with linear growth and biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) in Bangladeshi children

Md Mehedi Hasan; Md Amran Gazi; Subhasish Das; Shah Mohammad Fahim; Farzana Hossaini; Ar-Rafi Khan; Jafrin Ferdous; Md Ashraful Alam; Mustafa Mahfuz; Tahmeed Ahmed

doi:10.1038/s41598-022-18141-8

Gut biomolecules (I-FABP, TFF3 and lipocalin-2) are associated with linear growth and biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) in Bangladeshi children

Md Mehedi Hasan, Md Amran Gazi, Subhasish Das, Shah Mohammad Fahim, Farzana Hossaini, Ar-Rafi Khan, Jafrin Ferdous, Md Ashraful Alam, Mustafa Mahfuz, Tahmeed Ahmed

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Abstract

In the current world, a major challenge to diagnose environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is the lack of validated non-invasive biomarkers. Intestine derived molecules, including intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), trefoil factor-3 (TFF3), lactoferrin, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), and mucin-2, have been reported as indicators of intestinal inflammation and gut health. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the levels of these bio-molecules as biomarkers of EED among under-2 children in Bangladesh. A total of 140 children were recruited in a case–control design. All the biomarkers were measured by ELISA. Spearman’s rank correlation was performed to see the correlation between the biomarkers and the EED score. Moreover, multivariable linear regression was performed to investigate the association of biomarkers with length-for-age z-score (LAZ). TFF3 correlates positively with myeloperoxidase (r = 0.26, p < 0.05) and EED score (r = 0.17, p < 0.05). Likewise, LCN2 correlates positively with myeloperoxidase (r = 0.37, p < 0.05), neopterin (r = 0.33, p < 0.05) and EED score (r = 0.31, p < 0.05). Moreover, multivariable linear regression revealed a negative association of I-FABP with LAZ of the study participants. Our results imply that TFF3 and LCN2 might be promising biomarkers to diagnose intestinal inflammation and EED, while I-FABP is negatively associated with linear growth of Bangladeshi children.

Original language	English
Article number	13905
Number of pages	8
Journal	Scientific Reports
Volume	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18141-8
Publication status	Published - Aug 2022
Publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

The authors cordially thank all the participants of the study as well as the laboratory and field staffs at icddr,b for their contributions. They also acknowledge with gratitude the commitment of Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) to this research effort. icddr,b is also grateful to the Governments of Bangladesh, Canada, Sweden and the UK for providing core/unrestricted support. This study was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The Grant ID was OPP1136751.

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Hasan, M. M., Gazi, M. A., Das, S., Fahim, S. M., Hossaini, F., Khan, A.-R., Ferdous, J., Alam, M. A., Mahfuz, M., & Ahmed, T. (2022). Gut biomolecules (I-FABP, TFF3 and lipocalin-2) are associated with linear growth and biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) in Bangladeshi children. Scientific Reports, 12, Article 13905. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-18141-8

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title = "Gut biomolecules (I-FABP, TFF3 and lipocalin-2) are associated with linear growth and biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) in Bangladeshi children",

abstract = "In the current world, a major challenge to diagnose environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is the lack of validated non-invasive biomarkers. Intestine derived molecules, including intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), trefoil factor-3 (TFF3), lactoferrin, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), and mucin-2, have been reported as indicators of intestinal inflammation and gut health. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the levels of these bio-molecules as biomarkers of EED among under-2 children in Bangladesh. A total of 140 children were recruited in a case–control design. All the biomarkers were measured by ELISA. Spearman{\textquoteright}s rank correlation was performed to see the correlation between the biomarkers and the EED score. Moreover, multivariable linear regression was performed to investigate the association of biomarkers with length-for-age z-score (LAZ). TFF3 correlates positively with myeloperoxidase (r = 0.26, p < 0.05) and EED score (r = 0.17, p < 0.05). Likewise, LCN2 correlates positively with myeloperoxidase (r = 0.37, p < 0.05), neopterin (r = 0.33, p < 0.05) and EED score (r = 0.31, p < 0.05). Moreover, multivariable linear regression revealed a negative association of I-FABP with LAZ of the study participants. Our results imply that TFF3 and LCN2 might be promising biomarkers to diagnose intestinal inflammation and EED, while I-FABP is negatively associated with linear growth of Bangladeshi children.",

author = "Hasan, {Md Mehedi} and Gazi, {Md Amran} and Subhasish Das and Fahim, {Shah Mohammad} and Farzana Hossaini and Ar-Rafi Khan and Jafrin Ferdous and Alam, {Md Ashraful} and Mustafa Mahfuz and Tahmeed Ahmed",

note = "Funding Information: The authors cordially thank all the participants of the study as well as the laboratory and field staffs at icddr,b for their contributions. They also acknowledge with gratitude the commitment of Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) to this research effort. icddr,b is also grateful to the Governments of Bangladesh, Canada, Sweden and the UK for providing core/unrestricted support. Funding Information: This study was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The Grant ID was OPP1136751. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022, The Author(s).",

year = "2022",

month = aug,

doi = "10.1038/s41598-022-18141-8",

language = "English",

volume = "12",

journal = "Scientific Reports",

issn = "2045-2322",

publisher = "Nature Publishing Group",

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T1 - Gut biomolecules (I-FABP, TFF3 and lipocalin-2) are associated with linear growth and biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) in Bangladeshi children

AU - Hasan, Md Mehedi

AU - Gazi, Md Amran

AU - Das, Subhasish

AU - Fahim, Shah Mohammad

AU - Hossaini, Farzana

AU - Khan, Ar-Rafi

AU - Ferdous, Jafrin

AU - Alam, Md Ashraful

AU - Mahfuz, Mustafa

AU - Ahmed, Tahmeed

N1 - Funding Information: The authors cordially thank all the participants of the study as well as the laboratory and field staffs at icddr,b for their contributions. They also acknowledge with gratitude the commitment of Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) to this research effort. icddr,b is also grateful to the Governments of Bangladesh, Canada, Sweden and the UK for providing core/unrestricted support. Funding Information: This study was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. The Grant ID was OPP1136751. Publisher Copyright: © 2022, The Author(s).

PY - 2022/8

Y1 - 2022/8

N2 - In the current world, a major challenge to diagnose environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is the lack of validated non-invasive biomarkers. Intestine derived molecules, including intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), trefoil factor-3 (TFF3), lactoferrin, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), and mucin-2, have been reported as indicators of intestinal inflammation and gut health. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the levels of these bio-molecules as biomarkers of EED among under-2 children in Bangladesh. A total of 140 children were recruited in a case–control design. All the biomarkers were measured by ELISA. Spearman’s rank correlation was performed to see the correlation between the biomarkers and the EED score. Moreover, multivariable linear regression was performed to investigate the association of biomarkers with length-for-age z-score (LAZ). TFF3 correlates positively with myeloperoxidase (r = 0.26, p < 0.05) and EED score (r = 0.17, p < 0.05). Likewise, LCN2 correlates positively with myeloperoxidase (r = 0.37, p < 0.05), neopterin (r = 0.33, p < 0.05) and EED score (r = 0.31, p < 0.05). Moreover, multivariable linear regression revealed a negative association of I-FABP with LAZ of the study participants. Our results imply that TFF3 and LCN2 might be promising biomarkers to diagnose intestinal inflammation and EED, while I-FABP is negatively associated with linear growth of Bangladeshi children.

AB - In the current world, a major challenge to diagnose environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is the lack of validated non-invasive biomarkers. Intestine derived molecules, including intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), trefoil factor-3 (TFF3), lactoferrin, lipocalin-2 (LCN2), and mucin-2, have been reported as indicators of intestinal inflammation and gut health. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the levels of these bio-molecules as biomarkers of EED among under-2 children in Bangladesh. A total of 140 children were recruited in a case–control design. All the biomarkers were measured by ELISA. Spearman’s rank correlation was performed to see the correlation between the biomarkers and the EED score. Moreover, multivariable linear regression was performed to investigate the association of biomarkers with length-for-age z-score (LAZ). TFF3 correlates positively with myeloperoxidase (r = 0.26, p < 0.05) and EED score (r = 0.17, p < 0.05). Likewise, LCN2 correlates positively with myeloperoxidase (r = 0.37, p < 0.05), neopterin (r = 0.33, p < 0.05) and EED score (r = 0.31, p < 0.05). Moreover, multivariable linear regression revealed a negative association of I-FABP with LAZ of the study participants. Our results imply that TFF3 and LCN2 might be promising biomarkers to diagnose intestinal inflammation and EED, while I-FABP is negatively associated with linear growth of Bangladeshi children.

U2 - 10.1038/s41598-022-18141-8

DO - 10.1038/s41598-022-18141-8

M3 - Article

C2 - 35974137

AN - SCOPUS:85135992771

SN - 2045-2322

VL - 12

JO - Scientific Reports

JF - Scientific Reports

M1 - 13905

ER -

Gut biomolecules (I-FABP, TFF3 and lipocalin-2) are associated with linear growth and biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) in Bangladeshi children

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