Health in All Policies: Concept, Purpose, and Implementation

Health in All Policies (HiAP) is a public policy approach that aims to increase the recognition of health and action on health, health determinants, and health equity across all sectors. As an approach, it guides the way of working within the health sector, within sectors other than health, and collaboration and cooperation across sectors. An ultimate aim is that government policies take account of the potential health implications of their decisions in advance and adjust the decisions in a way which maximizes health gains and minimizes the harms that the decisions may have on the health of the people or on the health system. Several structures, mechanisms, and processes have been developed for implementing HiAP. Although this operational guidance can help to build capacities in governance for HiAP, it does not automatically make it happen. The need to understand the policy and political context is essential. No amount of political will, cooperation, or enthusiasm can effectively implement HiAP without knowledge of what is sought and prioritized for health. This cannot be left to external consultants, other sectors, cabinet offices, or policymakers. The responsibility for knowing health priorities lies with, and will always remain with, those working in the health sector or in advocacy for health.