Abstract
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) influences climate via cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) formation resulting from its oxidation products (mainly methanesulfonic acid, MSA, and sulfuric acid, H2SO4). Despite their importance, accurate prediction of MSA and H2SO4from DMS oxidation remains challenging. With comprehensive experiments carried out in the Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber at CERN, we show that decreasing the temperature from +25 to -10 °C enhances the gas-phase MSA production by an order of magnitude from OH-initiated DMS oxidation, while H2SO4production is modestly affected. This leads to a gas-phase H2SO4-to-MSA ratio (H2SO4/MSA) smaller than one at low temperatures, consistent with field observations in polar regions. With an updated DMS oxidation mechanism, we find that methanesulfinic acid, CH3S(O)OH, MSIA, forms large amounts of MSA. Overall, our results reveal that MSA yields are a factor of 2-10 higher than those predicted by the widely used Master Chemical Mechanism (MCMv3.3.1), and the NOxeffect is less significant than that of temperature. Our updated mechanism explains the high MSA production rates observed in field observations, especially at low temperatures, thus, substantiating the greater importance of MSA in the natural sulfur cycle and natural CCN formation. Our mechanism will improve the interpretation of present-day and historical gas-phase H2SO4/MSA measurements.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Pages (from-to) | 13931-13944 |
| Number of pages | 14 |
| Journal | Environmental Science and Technology |
| Volume | 56 |
| Issue number | 19 |
| DOIs | |
| Publication status | Published - 2022 |
| Publication type | A1 Journal article-refereed |
Funding
This research has received funding from the Academy of Finland ACCC Flagship (no. 337549), the Academy of Finland Academy professorship (no. 302958), the Academy of Finland (nos. 307331, 337550, 296628, 328290), the European Research Council (ERC) (Projects 742206, 714621, 101002728, and 850614); the EU H2020 programme Marie Skłodowska Curie ITN “CLOUD-TRAIN” (764991), the Swiss National Science Foundation (no. 200021_169090, 200020_172602, 20FI20_172622), the US National Science Foundation (no. AGS1531284, AGS1801574, AGS1801897, AGS1801280, AGS2215522); the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme (Marie Skłodowska Curie no. 895875 “NPF-PANDA”), the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (no. CERN/FIS-COM/0028/2019), the Swedish Research Council Formas Project (no. 2018-01745-COBACCA), the Swedish Research Council VR Project (no. 2019-05006), the Crafoord Foundation Project (no. 20210969), EU H2020 project FORCeS (no. 821205), German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, CLOUD-16 (01LK1601A), and the doctoral scholarship (2021/1) of the University of Innsbruck.
UN SDGs
This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
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SDG 13 Climate Action
Keywords
- dimethyl sulfide (DMS)
- low temperatures
- methanesulfinic acid (CHS(O)OH, MSIA)
- methanesulfonic acid (MSA)
- OH-initiated oxidation
Publication forum classification
- Publication forum level 2
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- General Chemistry
- Environmental Chemistry
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