TY - JOUR
T1 - Immunomodulatory Effects of Rhinovirus and Enterovirus Infections During the First Year of Life
AU - Ruohtula, Terhi
AU - Kondrashova, Anita
AU - Lehtonen, Jussi
AU - Oikarinen, Sami
AU - Hämäläinen, Anu-Maaria
AU - Niemelä, Onni
AU - Peet, Aleksandr
AU - Tillmann, Vallo
AU - Nieminen, Janne K
AU - Ilonen, Jorma
AU - Knip, Mikael
AU - Vaarala, Outi
AU - Hyöty, Heikki
AU - DIABIMMUNE Study Group
AU - Honkanen, Hanna
AU - Virtanen, Suvi
N1 - Copyright © 2021 Ruohtula, Kondrashova, Lehtonen, Oikarinen, Hämäläinen, Niemelä, Peet, Tillmann, Nieminen, Ilonen, Knip, Vaarala, Hyöty and the DIABIMMUNE Study Group.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Early childhood infections have been implicated in the development of immune-mediated diseases, such as allergies, asthma, and type 1 diabetes. We set out to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of early viral infections experienced before the age of one year on the peripheral regulatory T cell population (Treg) and circulating cytokines in a birth-cohort study of Estonian and Finnish infants. We show here a temporal association of virus infection with the expression of FOXP3 in regulatory T cells. Infants with rhinovirus infection during the preceding 30 days had a higher FOXP3 expression in Treg cells and decreased levels of several cytokines related to Th1 and Th2 responses in comparison to the children without infections. In contrast, FOXP3 expression was significantly decreased in highly activated (CD4+CD127-/loCD25+FOXP3high) regulatory T cells (TregFOXP3high) in the infants who had enterovirus infection during the preceding 30 or 60 days. After enterovirus infections, the cytokine profile showed an upregulation of Th1- and Th17-related cytokines and a decreased activation of CCL22, which is a chemokine derived from dendritic cells and associated with Th2 deviation. Our results reveal that immunoregulatory mechanisms are up-regulated after rhinovirus infections, while enterovirus infections are associated with activation of proinflammatory pathways and decreased immune regulation.
AB - Early childhood infections have been implicated in the development of immune-mediated diseases, such as allergies, asthma, and type 1 diabetes. We set out to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of early viral infections experienced before the age of one year on the peripheral regulatory T cell population (Treg) and circulating cytokines in a birth-cohort study of Estonian and Finnish infants. We show here a temporal association of virus infection with the expression of FOXP3 in regulatory T cells. Infants with rhinovirus infection during the preceding 30 days had a higher FOXP3 expression in Treg cells and decreased levels of several cytokines related to Th1 and Th2 responses in comparison to the children without infections. In contrast, FOXP3 expression was significantly decreased in highly activated (CD4+CD127-/loCD25+FOXP3high) regulatory T cells (TregFOXP3high) in the infants who had enterovirus infection during the preceding 30 or 60 days. After enterovirus infections, the cytokine profile showed an upregulation of Th1- and Th17-related cytokines and a decreased activation of CCL22, which is a chemokine derived from dendritic cells and associated with Th2 deviation. Our results reveal that immunoregulatory mechanisms are up-regulated after rhinovirus infections, while enterovirus infections are associated with activation of proinflammatory pathways and decreased immune regulation.
U2 - 10.3389/fimmu.2020.567046
DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2020.567046
M3 - Article
C2 - 33643278
SN - 1664-3224
VL - 11
SP - 567046
JO - Frontiers in Immunology
JF - Frontiers in Immunology
ER -
