Impact of Power Amplifier Nonlinearities in Multi-user Massive MIMO Downlink

Yaning Zou, Orod Raeesi, Lauri Anttila, Aki Hakkarainen, Joao Vieira, Fredrik Tufvesson, Qimei Cui, Mikko Valkama

    Research output: Chapter in Book/Report/Conference proceedingConference contributionScientificpeer-review

    44 Citations (Scopus)

    Abstract

    In this paper, we investigate the impact of power amplifier (PA) nonlinear distortion in pre-coded multi-user large antenna or massive MIMO downlink systems. First, detailed signal and sys-tem models are derived for the received signal at single-antenna user equipment (UE) under channel-aware linear precoding in the base-station combined with behavioral models for the individ-ual PA units, covering both single-carrier and multi-carrier modulation schemes. Based on the derived models, it is shown that the PA induced nonlinear distortion can also combine coherently in the channel, depending on the relative differences between the phase characteristics of the different PA units and the corresponding distortion terms. Furthermore, it is also shown that the impact of nonlinear PAs and the resulting linear and nonlinear multi-user interference, quantified in terms of the received signal-to- interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), is largely dependent on the effective or observable linear gain in the UE receiver demodulation stage. By observing only the instantaneous direct linear gain, the PA induced nonlinear distortion has a substantial impact on the effective SINR, even if very large number of TX antennas is adopted relative to the number of spatially multiplexed UEs. On the other hand, if the statistically averaged linear gain can be observed, the impact of nonlinear PAs is far less severe. These findings give thus new insight, not only to the core impact of nonlinear PAs in massive MIMO systems but also to the downlink reference signal design, radio frame design and radio resource management in time, in order to facilitate the estimation of the statistically averaged linear gains in the receivers within the scheduled transmission and processing blocks.
    Original languageEnglish
    Title of host publicationProceedings of IEEE Global Communications Conference (IEEE GLOBECOM 2015)
    DOIs
    Publication statusPublished - Dec 2015
    Publication typeA4 Article in conference proceedings
    EventIEEE Global Communications Conference -
    Duration: 1 Jan 1900 → …

    Conference

    ConferenceIEEE Global Communications Conference
    Period1/01/00 → …

    Publication forum classification

    • Publication forum level 1

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