Job and off-job crafting profiles: Time-lagged relationships with job, home and personal resources and well-being outcomes

Crafting research has often focused solely on the work domain or examined work and non-work life domains separately, using a variable-centered approach. Little is known about the interactions of crafting processes in the work and non-work domain. In this time-lagged study, we examined (1) the relationship between job and off-job crafting behaviours using a person-centered approach to identify crafting profiles, (2) whether job, home and personal resources differentially predicted these profiles and (3) whether these profiles differed in relation to outcomes, that is work engagement and mental well-being. We conducted a three-wave, time-lagged survey with 3-month intervals among 2125 employees. The results revealed three profiles of active (18.0%), average (48.2%) and least active (33.9%) crafters. Analyses of predictors showed that active crafters had higher levels of home developmental possibilities and self-efficacy than average and least active crafters, likewise for average crafters compared with least active crafters. Furthermore, active crafters had higher levels of social support at home than least active crafters. Regarding well-being outcomes, active crafters experienced significantly higher mental well-being than average and least active crafters and higher work engagement than least active crafters. Interventions to enhance employee's resources could stimulate crafting behaviours, ultimately improving well-being.