Low-Power/High-Gain Flexible Complementary Circuits Based on Printed Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Chi Yuan Yang; Deyu Tu; Tero Petri Ruoko; Jennifer Y. Gerasimov; Han Yan Wu; Padinhare Cholakkal Harikesh; Matteo Massetti; Marc Antoine Stoeckel; Renee Kroon; Christian Müller; Magnus Berggren; Simone Fabiano

doi:10.1002/aelm.202100907

Low-Power/High-Gain Flexible Complementary Circuits Based on Printed Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Chi Yuan Yang
, Deyu Tu
, Tero Petri Ruoko
, Jennifer Y. Gerasimov
, Han Yan Wu
, Padinhare Cholakkal Harikesh
, Matteo Massetti
, Marc Antoine Stoeckel
, Renee Kroon
, Christian Müller
, Magnus Berggren
, Simone Fabiano^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

82 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The ability to accurately extract low-amplitude voltage signals is crucial in several fields, ranging from single-use diagnostics and medical technology to robotics and the Internet of Things (IoT). The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT), which features large transconductance values at low operating voltages, is ideal for monitoring small signals. Here, low-power and high-gain flexible circuits based on printed complementary OECTs are reported. This work leverages the low threshold voltage of both p-type and n-type enhancement-mode OECTs to develop complementary voltage amplifiers that can sense voltages as low as 100 µV, with gains of 30.4 dB and at a power consumption of 0.1–2.7 µW (single-stage amplifier). At the optimal operating conditions, the voltage gain normalized to power consumption reaches 169 dB µW⁻¹, which is >50 times larger than state-of-the-art OECT-based amplifiers. In a monolithically integrated two-stage configuration, these complementary voltage amplifiers reach voltage gains of 193 V/V, which are among the highest for emerging complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-like technologies operating at supply voltages below 1 V. These flexible complementary circuits based on printed OECTs define a new power-efficient platform for sensing and amplifying low-amplitude voltage signals in several emerging beyond-silicon applications.

Original language	English
Article number	2100907
Journal	Advanced Electronic Materials
Volume	8
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202100907
Publication status	Published - Mar 2022
Externally published	Yes
Publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

The authors thank Robert Forchheimer (Linköping U.), Kai Xu (Yanshan U.), Hengda Sun (Donghua U.), Mary Donahue (Linköping U.), and Silan Zhang (Linköping U.) for helpful discussion. The authors also thank Robert Brooke, Marie Nilsson, and Jan Strandberg (RISE) for assistance with screen‐printing the electrodes. This work was financially supported by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation, the Swedish Research Council (2016‐03979 and 2020–03243), Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SE13‐0045), ÅForsk (18‐313 and 19–310), Olle Engkvists Stiftelse (204‐0256), VINNOVA (2020‐05223), the European Commission through the FET‐OPEN project MITICS (GA‐964677), and the Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linköping University (Faculty Grant SFO‐Mat‐LiU 2009‐00971).

Keywords

organic electrochemical transistors
organic mixed ion-electron conductors
screen-printing
voltage amplifiers

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials

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10.1002/aelm.202100907

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Yang, C. Y., Tu, D., Ruoko, T. P., Gerasimov, J. Y., Wu, H. Y., Harikesh, P. C., Massetti, M., Stoeckel, M. A., Kroon, R., Müller, C., Berggren, M., & Fabiano, S. (2022). Low-Power/High-Gain Flexible Complementary Circuits Based on Printed Organic Electrochemical Transistors. Advanced Electronic Materials, 8(3), Article 2100907. https://doi.org/10.1002/aelm.202100907

@article{2eac87854a8e422bab1d0ff3d10bac19,

title = "Low-Power/High-Gain Flexible Complementary Circuits Based on Printed Organic Electrochemical Transistors",

abstract = "The ability to accurately extract low-amplitude voltage signals is crucial in several fields, ranging from single-use diagnostics and medical technology to robotics and the Internet of Things (IoT). The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT), which features large transconductance values at low operating voltages, is ideal for monitoring small signals. Here, low-power and high-gain flexible circuits based on printed complementary OECTs are reported. This work leverages the low threshold voltage of both p-type and n-type enhancement-mode OECTs to develop complementary voltage amplifiers that can sense voltages as low as 100 µV, with gains of 30.4 dB and at a power consumption of 0.1–2.7 µW (single-stage amplifier). At the optimal operating conditions, the voltage gain normalized to power consumption reaches 169 dB µW−1, which is >50 times larger than state-of-the-art OECT-based amplifiers. In a monolithically integrated two-stage configuration, these complementary voltage amplifiers reach voltage gains of 193 V/V, which are among the highest for emerging complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-like technologies operating at supply voltages below 1 V. These flexible complementary circuits based on printed OECTs define a new power-efficient platform for sensing and amplifying low-amplitude voltage signals in several emerging beyond-silicon applications.",

keywords = "organic electrochemical transistors, organic mixed ion-electron conductors, screen-printing, voltage amplifiers",

author = "Yang, \{Chi Yuan\} and Deyu Tu and Ruoko, \{Tero Petri\} and Gerasimov, \{Jennifer Y.\} and Wu, \{Han Yan\} and Harikesh, \{Padinhare Cholakkal\} and Matteo Massetti and Stoeckel, \{Marc Antoine\} and Renee Kroon and Christian M{\"u}ller and Magnus Berggren and Simone Fabiano",

note = "Funding Information: The authors thank Robert Forchheimer (Link{\"o}ping U.), Kai Xu (Yanshan U.), Hengda Sun (Donghua U.), Mary Donahue (Link{\"o}ping U.), and Silan Zhang (Link{\"o}ping U.) for helpful discussion. The authors also thank Robert Brooke, Marie Nilsson, and Jan Strandberg (RISE) for assistance with screen‐printing the electrodes. This work was financially supported by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation, the Swedish Research Council (2016‐03979 and 2020–03243), Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SE13‐0045), {\AA}Forsk (18‐313 and 19–310), Olle Engkvists Stiftelse (204‐0256), VINNOVA (2020‐05223), the European Commission through the FET‐OPEN project MITICS (GA‐964677), and the Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Link{\"o}ping University (Faculty Grant SFO‐Mat‐LiU 2009‐00971). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 The Authors. Advanced Electronic Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH",

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doi = "10.1002/aelm.202100907",

language = "English",

volume = "8",

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T1 - Low-Power/High-Gain Flexible Complementary Circuits Based on Printed Organic Electrochemical Transistors

AU - Yang, Chi Yuan

AU - Tu, Deyu

AU - Ruoko, Tero Petri

AU - Gerasimov, Jennifer Y.

AU - Wu, Han Yan

AU - Harikesh, Padinhare Cholakkal

AU - Massetti, Matteo

AU - Stoeckel, Marc Antoine

AU - Kroon, Renee

AU - Müller, Christian

AU - Berggren, Magnus

AU - Fabiano, Simone

N1 - Funding Information: The authors thank Robert Forchheimer (Linköping U.), Kai Xu (Yanshan U.), Hengda Sun (Donghua U.), Mary Donahue (Linköping U.), and Silan Zhang (Linköping U.) for helpful discussion. The authors also thank Robert Brooke, Marie Nilsson, and Jan Strandberg (RISE) for assistance with screen‐printing the electrodes. This work was financially supported by the Knut and Alice Wallenberg foundation, the Swedish Research Council (2016‐03979 and 2020–03243), Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SE13‐0045), ÅForsk (18‐313 and 19–310), Olle Engkvists Stiftelse (204‐0256), VINNOVA (2020‐05223), the European Commission through the FET‐OPEN project MITICS (GA‐964677), and the Swedish Government Strategic Research Area in Materials Science on Functional Materials at Linköping University (Faculty Grant SFO‐Mat‐LiU 2009‐00971). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors. Advanced Electronic Materials published by Wiley-VCH GmbH

PY - 2022/3

Y1 - 2022/3

N2 - The ability to accurately extract low-amplitude voltage signals is crucial in several fields, ranging from single-use diagnostics and medical technology to robotics and the Internet of Things (IoT). The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT), which features large transconductance values at low operating voltages, is ideal for monitoring small signals. Here, low-power and high-gain flexible circuits based on printed complementary OECTs are reported. This work leverages the low threshold voltage of both p-type and n-type enhancement-mode OECTs to develop complementary voltage amplifiers that can sense voltages as low as 100 µV, with gains of 30.4 dB and at a power consumption of 0.1–2.7 µW (single-stage amplifier). At the optimal operating conditions, the voltage gain normalized to power consumption reaches 169 dB µW−1, which is >50 times larger than state-of-the-art OECT-based amplifiers. In a monolithically integrated two-stage configuration, these complementary voltage amplifiers reach voltage gains of 193 V/V, which are among the highest for emerging complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-like technologies operating at supply voltages below 1 V. These flexible complementary circuits based on printed OECTs define a new power-efficient platform for sensing and amplifying low-amplitude voltage signals in several emerging beyond-silicon applications.

AB - The ability to accurately extract low-amplitude voltage signals is crucial in several fields, ranging from single-use diagnostics and medical technology to robotics and the Internet of Things (IoT). The organic electrochemical transistor (OECT), which features large transconductance values at low operating voltages, is ideal for monitoring small signals. Here, low-power and high-gain flexible circuits based on printed complementary OECTs are reported. This work leverages the low threshold voltage of both p-type and n-type enhancement-mode OECTs to develop complementary voltage amplifiers that can sense voltages as low as 100 µV, with gains of 30.4 dB and at a power consumption of 0.1–2.7 µW (single-stage amplifier). At the optimal operating conditions, the voltage gain normalized to power consumption reaches 169 dB µW−1, which is >50 times larger than state-of-the-art OECT-based amplifiers. In a monolithically integrated two-stage configuration, these complementary voltage amplifiers reach voltage gains of 193 V/V, which are among the highest for emerging complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-like technologies operating at supply voltages below 1 V. These flexible complementary circuits based on printed OECTs define a new power-efficient platform for sensing and amplifying low-amplitude voltage signals in several emerging beyond-silicon applications.

KW - organic electrochemical transistors

KW - organic mixed ion-electron conductors

KW - screen-printing

KW - voltage amplifiers

U2 - 10.1002/aelm.202100907

DO - 10.1002/aelm.202100907

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85120813725

SN - 2199-160X

VL - 8

JO - Advanced Electronic Materials

JF - Advanced Electronic Materials

IS - 3

M1 - 2100907

ER -

Low-Power/High-Gain Flexible Complementary Circuits Based on Printed Organic Electrochemical Transistors

Abstract

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Keywords

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