Maternal Depressive Symptoms During and After Pregnancy and Psychiatric Problems in Children

Marius Lahti; Katri Savolainen; Soile Tuovinen; Anu-Katriina Pesonen; Jari Lahti; Kati Heinonen; Esa Hämäläinen; Hannele Laivuori; Pia M Villa; Rebecca M Reynolds; Eero Kajantie; Katri Räikkönen

doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2016.10.007

Maternal Depressive Symptoms During and After Pregnancy and Psychiatric Problems in Children

Marius Lahti, Katri Savolainen, Soile Tuovinen, Anu-Katriina Pesonen, Jari Lahti, Kati Heinonen, Esa Hämäläinen, Hannele Laivuori, Pia M Villa, Rebecca M Reynolds, Eero Kajantie, Katri Räikkönen

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

106 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy are associated with increased risk of psychiatric problems in children. A more precise understanding of the timing of the symptoms during pregnancy and their independence of other prenatal and postnatal factors in predicting child psychopathology risk is needed. We examined whether maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy predict child psychiatric problems, whether these associations are trimester- or gestational-week-specific and/or independent of pregnancy disorders, and whether maternal depressive symptoms after pregnancy mediate or add to the prenatal effects.

METHOD: The study sample comprised 2,296 women and their children born in Finland between 2006-2010, participating in the prospective pregnancy cohort study Prediction and Prevention of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction (PREDO) and followed up from 1.9 to 5.9 years of age. The women completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale biweekly between gestational weeks+days 12+0/13+6 and 38+0/39+6 or delivery. In the follow-up, they completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II and Child Behavior Checklist 1½-5.

RESULTS: Maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy predicted significantly higher internalizing (0.28 SD unit per SD unit increase [95% CI = 0.24-0.32]), externalizing (0.26 [0.23-0.30]), and total problems (0.31 [0.27-0.35]) in children. These associations were nonspecific to gestational week and hence pregnancy trimester, independent of pregnancy disorders, and independent of, although partially mediated by, maternal depressive symptoms after pregnancy. Psychiatric problems were greatest in children whose mothers reported clinically significant depressive symptoms across pregnancy trimesters and during and after pregnancy.

CONCLUSION: Maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy predict increased psychiatric problems in young children. Preventive interventions from early pregnancy onward may benefit offspring mental health.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	30-39.e7
Journal	J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry.
Volume	56
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.10.007
Publication status	Published - Jan 2017
Externally published	Yes
Publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Keywords

Adult
Child
Child Behavior
Child of Impaired Parents/statistics & numerical data
Child, Preschool
Depression/epidemiology
Female
Finland/epidemiology
Humans
Male
Mental Disorders/epidemiology
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology
Prospective Studies

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.1016/j.jaac.2016.10.007

Cite this

Lahti, M., Savolainen, K., Tuovinen, S., Pesonen, A.-K., Lahti, J., Heinonen, K., Hämäläinen, E., Laivuori, H., Villa, P. M., Reynolds, R. M., Kajantie, E., & Räikkönen, K. (2017). Maternal Depressive Symptoms During and After Pregnancy and Psychiatric Problems in Children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry., 56(1), 30-39.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.10.007

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title = "Maternal Depressive Symptoms During and After Pregnancy and Psychiatric Problems in Children",

abstract = "OBJECTIVE: Maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy are associated with increased risk of psychiatric problems in children. A more precise understanding of the timing of the symptoms during pregnancy and their independence of other prenatal and postnatal factors in predicting child psychopathology risk is needed. We examined whether maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy predict child psychiatric problems, whether these associations are trimester- or gestational-week-specific and/or independent of pregnancy disorders, and whether maternal depressive symptoms after pregnancy mediate or add to the prenatal effects.METHOD: The study sample comprised 2,296 women and their children born in Finland between 2006-2010, participating in the prospective pregnancy cohort study Prediction and Prevention of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction (PREDO) and followed up from 1.9 to 5.9 years of age. The women completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale biweekly between gestational weeks+days 12+0/13+6 and 38+0/39+6 or delivery. In the follow-up, they completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II and Child Behavior Checklist 1½-5.RESULTS: Maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy predicted significantly higher internalizing (0.28 SD unit per SD unit increase [95% CI = 0.24-0.32]), externalizing (0.26 [0.23-0.30]), and total problems (0.31 [0.27-0.35]) in children. These associations were nonspecific to gestational week and hence pregnancy trimester, independent of pregnancy disorders, and independent of, although partially mediated by, maternal depressive symptoms after pregnancy. Psychiatric problems were greatest in children whose mothers reported clinically significant depressive symptoms across pregnancy trimesters and during and after pregnancy.CONCLUSION: Maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy predict increased psychiatric problems in young children. Preventive interventions from early pregnancy onward may benefit offspring mental health.",

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author = "Marius Lahti and Katri Savolainen and Soile Tuovinen and Anu-Katriina Pesonen and Jari Lahti and Kati Heinonen and Esa H{\"a}m{\"a}l{\"a}inen and Hannele Laivuori and Villa, {Pia M} and Reynolds, {Rebecca M} and Eero Kajantie and Katri R{\"a}ikk{\"o}nen",

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doi = "10.1016/j.jaac.2016.10.007",

language = "English",

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Lahti, M, Savolainen, K, Tuovinen, S, Pesonen, A-K, Lahti, J, Heinonen, K, Hämäläinen, E, Laivuori, H, Villa, PM, Reynolds, RM, Kajantie, E & Räikkönen, K 2017, 'Maternal Depressive Symptoms During and After Pregnancy and Psychiatric Problems in Children', J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry., vol. 56, no. 1, pp. 30-39.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2016.10.007

TY - JOUR

T1 - Maternal Depressive Symptoms During and After Pregnancy and Psychiatric Problems in Children

AU - Lahti, Marius

AU - Savolainen, Katri

AU - Tuovinen, Soile

AU - Pesonen, Anu-Katriina

AU - Lahti, Jari

AU - Heinonen, Kati

AU - Hämäläinen, Esa

AU - Laivuori, Hannele

AU - Villa, Pia M

AU - Reynolds, Rebecca M

AU - Kajantie, Eero

AU - Räikkönen, Katri

PY - 2017/1

Y1 - 2017/1

N2 - OBJECTIVE: Maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy are associated with increased risk of psychiatric problems in children. A more precise understanding of the timing of the symptoms during pregnancy and their independence of other prenatal and postnatal factors in predicting child psychopathology risk is needed. We examined whether maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy predict child psychiatric problems, whether these associations are trimester- or gestational-week-specific and/or independent of pregnancy disorders, and whether maternal depressive symptoms after pregnancy mediate or add to the prenatal effects.METHOD: The study sample comprised 2,296 women and their children born in Finland between 2006-2010, participating in the prospective pregnancy cohort study Prediction and Prevention of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction (PREDO) and followed up from 1.9 to 5.9 years of age. The women completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale biweekly between gestational weeks+days 12+0/13+6 and 38+0/39+6 or delivery. In the follow-up, they completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II and Child Behavior Checklist 1½-5.RESULTS: Maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy predicted significantly higher internalizing (0.28 SD unit per SD unit increase [95% CI = 0.24-0.32]), externalizing (0.26 [0.23-0.30]), and total problems (0.31 [0.27-0.35]) in children. These associations were nonspecific to gestational week and hence pregnancy trimester, independent of pregnancy disorders, and independent of, although partially mediated by, maternal depressive symptoms after pregnancy. Psychiatric problems were greatest in children whose mothers reported clinically significant depressive symptoms across pregnancy trimesters and during and after pregnancy.CONCLUSION: Maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy predict increased psychiatric problems in young children. Preventive interventions from early pregnancy onward may benefit offspring mental health.

AB - OBJECTIVE: Maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy are associated with increased risk of psychiatric problems in children. A more precise understanding of the timing of the symptoms during pregnancy and their independence of other prenatal and postnatal factors in predicting child psychopathology risk is needed. We examined whether maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy predict child psychiatric problems, whether these associations are trimester- or gestational-week-specific and/or independent of pregnancy disorders, and whether maternal depressive symptoms after pregnancy mediate or add to the prenatal effects.METHOD: The study sample comprised 2,296 women and their children born in Finland between 2006-2010, participating in the prospective pregnancy cohort study Prediction and Prevention of Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction (PREDO) and followed up from 1.9 to 5.9 years of age. The women completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale biweekly between gestational weeks+days 12+0/13+6 and 38+0/39+6 or delivery. In the follow-up, they completed the Beck Depression Inventory-II and Child Behavior Checklist 1½-5.RESULTS: Maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy predicted significantly higher internalizing (0.28 SD unit per SD unit increase [95% CI = 0.24-0.32]), externalizing (0.26 [0.23-0.30]), and total problems (0.31 [0.27-0.35]) in children. These associations were nonspecific to gestational week and hence pregnancy trimester, independent of pregnancy disorders, and independent of, although partially mediated by, maternal depressive symptoms after pregnancy. Psychiatric problems were greatest in children whose mothers reported clinically significant depressive symptoms across pregnancy trimesters and during and after pregnancy.CONCLUSION: Maternal depressive symptoms during pregnancy predict increased psychiatric problems in young children. Preventive interventions from early pregnancy onward may benefit offspring mental health.

KW - Adult

KW - Child

KW - Child Behavior

KW - Child of Impaired Parents/statistics & numerical data

KW - Child, Preschool

KW - Depression/epidemiology

KW - Female

KW - Finland/epidemiology

KW - Humans

KW - Male

KW - Mental Disorders/epidemiology

KW - Pregnancy

KW - Pregnancy Complications/epidemiology

KW - Prospective Studies

U2 - 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.10.007

DO - 10.1016/j.jaac.2016.10.007

M3 - Article

C2 - 27993226

SN - 0890-8567

VL - 56

SP - 30-39.e7

JO - J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry.

JF - J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry.

IS - 1

ER -

Maternal Depressive Symptoms During and After Pregnancy and Psychiatric Problems in Children

Abstract

Keywords

UN SDGs

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