Midlife Work-Related Stress Increases Dementia Risk in Later Life: The CAIDE 30-Year Study

Shireen Sindi; Göran Hagman; Krister Håkansson; Jenni Kulmala; Charlotta Nilsen; Ingemar Kåreholt; Hilkka Soininen; Alina Solomon; Miia Kivipelto

doi:10.1093/geronb/gbw043

Midlife Work-Related Stress Increases Dementia Risk in Later Life: The CAIDE 30-Year Study

Shireen Sindi, Göran Hagman, Krister Håkansson, Jenni Kulmala, Charlotta Nilsen, Ingemar Kåreholt, Hilkka Soininen, Alina Solomon, Miia Kivipelto

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

64 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

Objective: To investigate the associations between midlife work-related stress and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, and Alzheimer's disease later in life, in a large representative population.

Method: Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) study participants were randomly selected from independent population-based surveys (mean age 50 years). A random sample of 2,000 individuals was invited for two reexaminations including cognitive tests (at mean age 71 and mean age 78), and 1,511 subjects participated in at least one reexamination (mean follow-up 28.5 years). Work-related stress was measured using two questions on work demands that were administered in midlife. Analyses adjusted for important confounders.

Results: Higher levels of midlife work-related stress were associated with higher risk of MCI (odds ratio [OR], 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.76), dementia (OR, 1.53; CI, 1.13-2.07), and Alzheimer's disease (OR, 1.55; CI, 1.19-2.36) at the first follow-up among the CAIDE participants. Results remained significant after adjusting for several possible confounders. Work-related stress was not associated with MCI and dementia during the extended follow-up.

Discussion: Midlife work-related stress increases the risk for MCI, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease in later life. The association was not seen after the extended follow-up possibly reflecting selective survival/participation, heterogeneity in dementia among the oldest old, and a critical time window for the effects of midlife stress.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	1044-1053
Number of pages	10
Journal	Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences
Volume	72
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbw043
Publication status	Published - 1 Oct 2017
Externally published	Yes
Publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Keywords

Aged
Alzheimer Disease/etiology
Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology
Dementia/etiology
Female
Humans
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Middle Aged
Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data
Psychometrics
Risk
Statistics as Topic
Stress, Psychological/complications
Sweden
Workload/psychology

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10.1093/geronb/gbw043

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@article{1e843e7200c0414e8f388d2ccf5d9b98,

title = "Midlife Work-Related Stress Increases Dementia Risk in Later Life: The CAIDE 30-Year Study",

abstract = "Objective: To investigate the associations between midlife work-related stress and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, and Alzheimer's disease later in life, in a large representative population.Method: Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) study participants were randomly selected from independent population-based surveys (mean age 50 years). A random sample of 2,000 individuals was invited for two reexaminations including cognitive tests (at mean age 71 and mean age 78), and 1,511 subjects participated in at least one reexamination (mean follow-up 28.5 years). Work-related stress was measured using two questions on work demands that were administered in midlife. Analyses adjusted for important confounders.Results: Higher levels of midlife work-related stress were associated with higher risk of MCI (odds ratio [OR], 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.76), dementia (OR, 1.53; CI, 1.13-2.07), and Alzheimer's disease (OR, 1.55; CI, 1.19-2.36) at the first follow-up among the CAIDE participants. Results remained significant after adjusting for several possible confounders. Work-related stress was not associated with MCI and dementia during the extended follow-up.Discussion: Midlife work-related stress increases the risk for MCI, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease in later life. The association was not seen after the extended follow-up possibly reflecting selective survival/participation, heterogeneity in dementia among the oldest old, and a critical time window for the effects of midlife stress.",

keywords = "Aged, Alzheimer Disease/etiology, Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology, Dementia/etiology, Female, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data, Psychometrics, Risk, Statistics as Topic, Stress, Psychological/complications, Sweden, Workload/psychology",

author = "Shireen Sindi and G{\"o}ran Hagman and Krister H{\aa}kansson and Jenni Kulmala and Charlotta Nilsen and Ingemar K{\aa}reholt and Hilkka Soininen and Alina Solomon and Miia Kivipelto",

note = "{\textcopyright} The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: [email protected].",

year = "2017",

month = oct,

day = "1",

doi = "10.1093/geronb/gbw043",

language = "English",

volume = "72",

pages = "1044--1053",

number = "6",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Midlife Work-Related Stress Increases Dementia Risk in Later Life

T2 - The CAIDE 30-Year Study

AU - Sindi, Shireen

AU - Hagman, Göran

AU - Håkansson, Krister

AU - Kulmala, Jenni

AU - Nilsen, Charlotta

AU - Kåreholt, Ingemar

AU - Soininen, Hilkka

AU - Solomon, Alina

AU - Kivipelto, Miia

PY - 2017/10/1

Y1 - 2017/10/1

N2 - Objective: To investigate the associations between midlife work-related stress and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, and Alzheimer's disease later in life, in a large representative population.Method: Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) study participants were randomly selected from independent population-based surveys (mean age 50 years). A random sample of 2,000 individuals was invited for two reexaminations including cognitive tests (at mean age 71 and mean age 78), and 1,511 subjects participated in at least one reexamination (mean follow-up 28.5 years). Work-related stress was measured using two questions on work demands that were administered in midlife. Analyses adjusted for important confounders.Results: Higher levels of midlife work-related stress were associated with higher risk of MCI (odds ratio [OR], 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.76), dementia (OR, 1.53; CI, 1.13-2.07), and Alzheimer's disease (OR, 1.55; CI, 1.19-2.36) at the first follow-up among the CAIDE participants. Results remained significant after adjusting for several possible confounders. Work-related stress was not associated with MCI and dementia during the extended follow-up.Discussion: Midlife work-related stress increases the risk for MCI, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease in later life. The association was not seen after the extended follow-up possibly reflecting selective survival/participation, heterogeneity in dementia among the oldest old, and a critical time window for the effects of midlife stress.

AB - Objective: To investigate the associations between midlife work-related stress and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), dementia, and Alzheimer's disease later in life, in a large representative population.Method: Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE) study participants were randomly selected from independent population-based surveys (mean age 50 years). A random sample of 2,000 individuals was invited for two reexaminations including cognitive tests (at mean age 71 and mean age 78), and 1,511 subjects participated in at least one reexamination (mean follow-up 28.5 years). Work-related stress was measured using two questions on work demands that were administered in midlife. Analyses adjusted for important confounders.Results: Higher levels of midlife work-related stress were associated with higher risk of MCI (odds ratio [OR], 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.76), dementia (OR, 1.53; CI, 1.13-2.07), and Alzheimer's disease (OR, 1.55; CI, 1.19-2.36) at the first follow-up among the CAIDE participants. Results remained significant after adjusting for several possible confounders. Work-related stress was not associated with MCI and dementia during the extended follow-up.Discussion: Midlife work-related stress increases the risk for MCI, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease in later life. The association was not seen after the extended follow-up possibly reflecting selective survival/participation, heterogeneity in dementia among the oldest old, and a critical time window for the effects of midlife stress.

KW - Aged

KW - Alzheimer Disease/etiology

KW - Cognitive Dysfunction/etiology

KW - Dementia/etiology

KW - Female

KW - Humans

KW - Longitudinal Studies

KW - Male

KW - Middle Aged

KW - Neuropsychological Tests/statistics & numerical data

KW - Psychometrics

KW - Risk

KW - Statistics as Topic

KW - Stress, Psychological/complications

KW - Sweden

KW - Workload/psychology

U2 - 10.1093/geronb/gbw043

DO - 10.1093/geronb/gbw043

M3 - Article

C2 - 27059705

SN - 1079-5014

VL - 72

SP - 1044

EP - 1053

JO - Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences

JF - Journals of Gerontology, Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences

IS - 6

ER -

Midlife Work-Related Stress Increases Dementia Risk in Later Life: The CAIDE 30-Year Study

Abstract

Keywords

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