Modeling and Estimation of Massive MIMO Channel Non-Reciprocity: Sparsity-aided Approach

In this paper, we study the estimation of channel non-reciprocity in precoded time division duplexing based massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The considered channel non-reciprocity model covers both the frequency-response and the mutual coupling mismatches between the transmitter and the receiver chains of a massive MIMO base-station (BS). Based on the assumed non-reciprocity model, it is shown that the effective downlink channel can be decomposed as a product of the uplink channel and another sparse matrix, referred to as the BS transceiver non-reciprocity matrix. Stemming from such modeling, we then propose an efficient estimator of the BS transceiver non-reciprocity matrix exploiting its sparse nature, combined with an appropriate formulation of the associated over-the-air pilot-signaling. The mean-squared error performance of the overall corresponding estimation method is finally evaluated using extensive computer simulations which indicate that the non-reciprocity characteristics can be estimated efficiently and accurately, thus potentially facilitating large system-level performance gains in multi-user massive MIMO systems.