Opium use and risk of bladder cancer: A multi-centre case-referent study in Iran

Maryam Hadji; Hamideh Rashidian; Maryam Marzban; Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami; Mahin Gholipour; Elham Mohebbi; Roya Safari-Faramani; Monireh Sadat Seyyedsalehi; Bayan Hosseini; Mahdieh Bakhshi; Reza Alizadeh-Navaei; Lida Ahmadi; Abbas Rezaianzadeh; Abdolvahab Moradi; Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam; Azim Nejatizadeh; Soodabeh Shahidsales; Farshad Zohrabi; Reza Mohammadi; Mohammad Reza Nowroozi; Hossein Poustchi; Dariush Nasrollahzadeh; Farid Najafi; Ali Akbar Haghdoost; Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar; Arash Etemadi; Mohammad Ali Mohagheghi; Reza Malekzadeh; Paul Brennan; Joachim Schüz; Paolo Boffetta; Elisabete Weiderpass; Farin Kamangar; Kazem Zendehdel; Eero Pukkala

doi:10.1093/ije/dyac031

Opium use and risk of bladder cancer: A multi-centre case-referent study in Iran

Maryam Hadji, Hamideh Rashidian, Maryam Marzban, Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami, Mahin Gholipour, Elham Mohebbi, Roya Safari-Faramani, Monireh Sadat Seyyedsalehi, Bayan Hosseini, Mahdieh Bakhshi, Reza Alizadeh-Navaei, Lida Ahmadi, Abbas Rezaianzadeh, Abdolvahab Moradi, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Azim Nejatizadeh, Soodabeh Shahidsales, Farshad Zohrabi, Reza Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza NowrooziHossein Poustchi, Dariush Nasrollahzadeh, Farid Najafi, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar, Arash Etemadi, Mohammad Ali Mohagheghi, Reza Malekzadeh, Paul Brennan, Joachim Schüz, Paolo Boffetta, Elisabete Weiderpass, Farin Kamangar, Kazem Zendehdel, Eero Pukkala

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Abstract

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common type of cancer worldwide and the fourth most common type of cancer in Iran. Opium use is considered as one of the risk factors for BC. We aim to assess the association between various parameters of opium use, which in Iran is mainly ingested or smoked in various forms, and the risk of BC. Method: In this multi-centre case-referent study in Iran, 717 BC cases and 3477 referents were recruited to the study from May 2017 until July 2020. Detailed histories of opium use (duration, amount, frequency) and potential confounders were collected by trained interviewers. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression models were used to measure adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The ORs were adjusted for age, gender, place of residence and pack-years of cigarette smoking. Results: Regular opium consumption was associated with an increased risk of BC (OR 3.5, 95% CI: 2.8, 4.3) compared with subjects who never used opium. Compared with continuous users, the risk decreased to one-Third for those who stopped opium more than 10 years ago. The adjusted OR for those who used both crude opium (teriak) and opium juice was 7.4 (95% CI: 4.1, 13.3). There was a joint effect of opium and tobacco (OR for users of both opium and tobacco 7.7, 95% CI: 6.0, 9.7). Conclusions: Regular opium use is associated with an approximately 4-fold risk for BC. The OR decreases along with the increasing time since stopping opium use.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	830-838
Number of pages	9
Journal	International Journal of Epidemiology
Volume	51
Issue number	3
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyac031
Publication status	Published - 4 Mar 2022
Publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Keywords

bladder cancer
IROPICAN
opium

Publication forum classification

Publication forum level 3

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Epidemiology

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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dyac031Final published version, 475 KBLicence: CC BY

https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:tuni-202209137031Licence: CC BY

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Hadji, M., Rashidian, H., Marzban, M., Naghibzadeh-Tahami, A., Gholipour, M., Mohebbi, E., Safari-Faramani, R., Seyyedsalehi, M. S., Hosseini, B., Bakhshi, M., Alizadeh-Navaei, R., Ahmadi, L., Rezaianzadeh, A., Moradi, A., Ansari-Moghaddam, A., Nejatizadeh, A., Shahidsales, S., Zohrabi, F., Mohammadi, R., ... Pukkala, E. (2022). Opium use and risk of bladder cancer: A multi-centre case-referent study in Iran. International Journal of Epidemiology, 51(3), 830-838. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyac031

@article{3b980e6fd635495eb14203bacbb3a58f,

title = "Opium use and risk of bladder cancer: A multi-centre case-referent study in Iran",

abstract = "Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common type of cancer worldwide and the fourth most common type of cancer in Iran. Opium use is considered as one of the risk factors for BC. We aim to assess the association between various parameters of opium use, which in Iran is mainly ingested or smoked in various forms, and the risk of BC. Method: In this multi-centre case-referent study in Iran, 717 BC cases and 3477 referents were recruited to the study from May 2017 until July 2020. Detailed histories of opium use (duration, amount, frequency) and potential confounders were collected by trained interviewers. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression models were used to measure adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The ORs were adjusted for age, gender, place of residence and pack-years of cigarette smoking. Results: Regular opium consumption was associated with an increased risk of BC (OR 3.5, 95% CI: 2.8, 4.3) compared with subjects who never used opium. Compared with continuous users, the risk decreased to one-Third for those who stopped opium more than 10 years ago. The adjusted OR for those who used both crude opium (teriak) and opium juice was 7.4 (95% CI: 4.1, 13.3). There was a joint effect of opium and tobacco (OR for users of both opium and tobacco 7.7, 95% CI: 6.0, 9.7). Conclusions: Regular opium use is associated with an approximately 4-fold risk for BC. The OR decreases along with the increasing time since stopping opium use.",

keywords = "bladder cancer, IROPICAN, opium",

author = "Maryam Hadji and Hamideh Rashidian and Maryam Marzban and Ahmad Naghibzadeh-Tahami and Mahin Gholipour and Elham Mohebbi and Roya Safari-Faramani and Seyyedsalehi, {Monireh Sadat} and Bayan Hosseini and Mahdieh Bakhshi and Reza Alizadeh-Navaei and Lida Ahmadi and Abbas Rezaianzadeh and Abdolvahab Moradi and Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam and Azim Nejatizadeh and Soodabeh Shahidsales and Farshad Zohrabi and Reza Mohammadi and Nowroozi, {Mohammad Reza} and Hossein Poustchi and Dariush Nasrollahzadeh and Farid Najafi and Haghdoost, {Ali Akbar} and Afarin Rahimi-Movaghar and Arash Etemadi and Mohagheghi, {Mohammad Ali} and Reza Malekzadeh and Paul Brennan and Joachim Sch{\"u}z and Paolo Boffetta and Elisabete Weiderpass and Farin Kamangar and Kazem Zendehdel and Eero Pukkala",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the International Epidemiological Association.",

year = "2022",

month = mar,

day = "4",

doi = "10.1093/ije/dyac031",

language = "English",

volume = "51",

pages = "830--838",

journal = "International Journal of Epidemiology",

issn = "0300-5771",

publisher = "Oxford University Press",

number = "3",

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Hadji, M, Rashidian, H, Marzban, M, Naghibzadeh-Tahami, A, Gholipour, M, Mohebbi, E, Safari-Faramani, R, Seyyedsalehi, MS, Hosseini, B, Bakhshi, M, Alizadeh-Navaei, R, Ahmadi, L, Rezaianzadeh, A, Moradi, A, Ansari-Moghaddam, A, Nejatizadeh, A, Shahidsales, S, Zohrabi, F, Mohammadi, R, Nowroozi, MR, Poustchi, H, Nasrollahzadeh, D, Najafi, F, Haghdoost, AA, Rahimi-Movaghar, A, Etemadi, A, Mohagheghi, MA, Malekzadeh, R, Brennan, P, Schüz, J, Boffetta, P, Weiderpass, E, Kamangar, F, Zendehdel, K & Pukkala, E 2022, 'Opium use and risk of bladder cancer: A multi-centre case-referent study in Iran', International Journal of Epidemiology, vol. 51, no. 3, pp. 830-838. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyac031

TY - JOUR

T1 - Opium use and risk of bladder cancer

T2 - A multi-centre case-referent study in Iran

AU - Hadji, Maryam

AU - Rashidian, Hamideh

AU - Marzban, Maryam

AU - Naghibzadeh-Tahami, Ahmad

AU - Gholipour, Mahin

AU - Mohebbi, Elham

AU - Safari-Faramani, Roya

AU - Seyyedsalehi, Monireh Sadat

AU - Hosseini, Bayan

AU - Bakhshi, Mahdieh

AU - Alizadeh-Navaei, Reza

AU - Ahmadi, Lida

AU - Rezaianzadeh, Abbas

AU - Moradi, Abdolvahab

AU - Ansari-Moghaddam, Alireza

AU - Nejatizadeh, Azim

AU - Shahidsales, Soodabeh

AU - Zohrabi, Farshad

AU - Mohammadi, Reza

AU - Nowroozi, Mohammad Reza

AU - Poustchi, Hossein

AU - Nasrollahzadeh, Dariush

AU - Najafi, Farid

AU - Haghdoost, Ali Akbar

AU - Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin

AU - Etemadi, Arash

AU - Mohagheghi, Mohammad Ali

AU - Malekzadeh, Reza

AU - Brennan, Paul

AU - Schüz, Joachim

AU - Boffetta, Paolo

AU - Weiderpass, Elisabete

AU - Kamangar, Farin

AU - Zendehdel, Kazem

AU - Pukkala, Eero

PY - 2022/3/4

Y1 - 2022/3/4

N2 - Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common type of cancer worldwide and the fourth most common type of cancer in Iran. Opium use is considered as one of the risk factors for BC. We aim to assess the association between various parameters of opium use, which in Iran is mainly ingested or smoked in various forms, and the risk of BC. Method: In this multi-centre case-referent study in Iran, 717 BC cases and 3477 referents were recruited to the study from May 2017 until July 2020. Detailed histories of opium use (duration, amount, frequency) and potential confounders were collected by trained interviewers. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression models were used to measure adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The ORs were adjusted for age, gender, place of residence and pack-years of cigarette smoking. Results: Regular opium consumption was associated with an increased risk of BC (OR 3.5, 95% CI: 2.8, 4.3) compared with subjects who never used opium. Compared with continuous users, the risk decreased to one-Third for those who stopped opium more than 10 years ago. The adjusted OR for those who used both crude opium (teriak) and opium juice was 7.4 (95% CI: 4.1, 13.3). There was a joint effect of opium and tobacco (OR for users of both opium and tobacco 7.7, 95% CI: 6.0, 9.7). Conclusions: Regular opium use is associated with an approximately 4-fold risk for BC. The OR decreases along with the increasing time since stopping opium use.

AB - Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is the 10th most common type of cancer worldwide and the fourth most common type of cancer in Iran. Opium use is considered as one of the risk factors for BC. We aim to assess the association between various parameters of opium use, which in Iran is mainly ingested or smoked in various forms, and the risk of BC. Method: In this multi-centre case-referent study in Iran, 717 BC cases and 3477 referents were recruited to the study from May 2017 until July 2020. Detailed histories of opium use (duration, amount, frequency) and potential confounders were collected by trained interviewers. Multivariable unconditional logistic regression models were used to measure adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The ORs were adjusted for age, gender, place of residence and pack-years of cigarette smoking. Results: Regular opium consumption was associated with an increased risk of BC (OR 3.5, 95% CI: 2.8, 4.3) compared with subjects who never used opium. Compared with continuous users, the risk decreased to one-Third for those who stopped opium more than 10 years ago. The adjusted OR for those who used both crude opium (teriak) and opium juice was 7.4 (95% CI: 4.1, 13.3). There was a joint effect of opium and tobacco (OR for users of both opium and tobacco 7.7, 95% CI: 6.0, 9.7). Conclusions: Regular opium use is associated with an approximately 4-fold risk for BC. The OR decreases along with the increasing time since stopping opium use.

KW - bladder cancer

KW - IROPICAN

KW - opium

U2 - 10.1093/ije/dyac031

DO - 10.1093/ije/dyac031

M3 - Article

C2 - 35244716

AN - SCOPUS:85131902873

SN - 0300-5771

VL - 51

SP - 830

EP - 838

JO - International Journal of Epidemiology

JF - International Journal of Epidemiology

IS - 3

ER -

Opium use and risk of bladder cancer: A multi-centre case-referent study in Iran

Abstract

Keywords

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ASJC Scopus subject areas

UN SDGs

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