Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and fatty acids in relation to the risk of microbial infections in children: The TRIGR Divia study

TRIGR investigators; Leena Hakola; Maarit Oikarinen; Sari Niinistö; David Cuthbertson; Jussi Lehtonen; Leena Puustinen; Amir Babak Sioofy-Khojine; Jarno Honkanen; Mikael Knip; Jeffrey P. Krischer; Iris Erlund; Heikki Hyöty; Suvi M. Virtanen

doi:10.1016/j.clnu.2022.10.017

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and fatty acids in relation to the risk of microbial infections in children: The TRIGR Divia study

TRIGR investigators
, Leena Hakola^*
, Maarit Oikarinen
, Sari Niinistö
, David Cuthbertson
, Jussi Lehtonen
, Leena Puustinen
, Amir Babak Sioofy-Khojine
, Jarno Honkanen
, Mikael Knip
, Jeffrey P. Krischer
, Iris Erlund
, Heikki Hyöty
, Suvi M. Virtanen

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

13 Citations (Scopus)

37 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Background & aims: Nutrient status may affect the risk of microbial infections and play a role in modulating the immune response against such infections. The aim of this study was to determine whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and serum fatty acids in infancy are associated with microbial infections by the age of 18 months. Methods: Altogether 576 newborn infants from Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR) born between 2002 and 2007 were included. The concentration of 25(OH)D vitamin and proportions of 26 fatty acids (presented as % of total fatty acids) were analyzed in cord blood serum and in sera taken at 6, 12, and 18 months of age. The cord blood samples and mean of 6–18-month values were used as exposures. Infections were detected by screening IgG antibodies against 10 microbes using enzyme immunoassay and antibodies against 6 coxsackievirus B serotypes by plaque neutralization assay in serum samples taken at 18 months of age. Results: A higher proportion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and especially long-chain n-3 PUFAs at birth and at the age of 6–18 months was associated with decreased risk of coxsackievirus B2 infection unadjusted and adjusted for region, case-control status, and maternal type 1 diabetes. Higher proportion of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5 n-3) at birth was associated with a decreased risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection. 25(OH)D vitamin concentration was not consistently associated with the risk of infections. When only infected children were included docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) and arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) proportions were positively associated with IgG antibody levels against influenza A virus. 25(OH)D vitamin concentration showed an inverse association with rotavirus IgG levels among children with rotavirus seropositivity. Conclusions: In young children with increased susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, long-chain n-3 PUFAs may influence the risk of viral infections and immune response against the infections. However, this association may depend on the type of virus suggesting virus-specific effects.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	2729-2739
Number of pages	11
Journal	Clinical Nutrition
Volume	41
Issue number	12
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2022.10.017
Publication status	Published - Dec 2022
Publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

National Institutes of Health (grants 1DP3DK106918-01, HD040364, HD042444, and HD051997), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development (NICHD) , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , Canadian Institutes of Health Research , JDRF , the Commission of the European Communities (specific RTD programme Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources , contract QLK1-2002-00372 Diabetes Prevention), the EFSD/JDRF/Novo Nordisk Focused Research Grant , Academy of Finland (Decision No. 339922 and Centre of Excellence in Molecular Systems Immunology and Physiology Research 2012-2017, Decision No. 250114), Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation , Emil Aaltonen Foundation , Juho Vainio Foundation , Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation , Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation . The study sponsors were not involved in the design of the study; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing the report; or the decision to submit the report for publication.

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 3 Good Health and Well-being

Keywords

Children
Coxsackie B Viruses
Fatty acids
Infections
Vitamin D

Publication forum classification

Publication forum level 2

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Nutrition and Dietetics
Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine

Access to Document

10.1016/j.clnu.2022.10.017Licence: CC BY

1-s2.0-S0261561422003788-mainFinal published version, 2.05 MBLicence: CC BY

https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:tuni-202212088985Licence: CC BY

Cite this

TRIGR investigators, Hakola, L., Oikarinen, M., Niinistö, S., Cuthbertson, D., Lehtonen, J., Puustinen, L., Sioofy-Khojine, A. B., Honkanen, J., Knip, M., Krischer, J. P., Erlund, I., Hyöty, H., & Virtanen, S. M. (2022). Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and fatty acids in relation to the risk of microbial infections in children: The TRIGR Divia study. Clinical Nutrition, 41(12), 2729-2739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2022.10.017

@article{bf885ed56b3941cb8db7a744457b0c92,

title = "Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and fatty acids in relation to the risk of microbial infections in children: The TRIGR Divia study",

abstract = "Background \& aims: Nutrient status may affect the risk of microbial infections and play a role in modulating the immune response against such infections. The aim of this study was to determine whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and serum fatty acids in infancy are associated with microbial infections by the age of 18 months. Methods: Altogether 576 newborn infants from Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR) born between 2002 and 2007 were included. The concentration of 25(OH)D vitamin and proportions of 26 fatty acids (presented as \% of total fatty acids) were analyzed in cord blood serum and in sera taken at 6, 12, and 18 months of age. The cord blood samples and mean of 6{\textendash}18-month values were used as exposures. Infections were detected by screening IgG antibodies against 10 microbes using enzyme immunoassay and antibodies against 6 coxsackievirus B serotypes by plaque neutralization assay in serum samples taken at 18 months of age. Results: A higher proportion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and especially long-chain n-3 PUFAs at birth and at the age of 6{\textendash}18 months was associated with decreased risk of coxsackievirus B2 infection unadjusted and adjusted for region, case-control status, and maternal type 1 diabetes. Higher proportion of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5 n-3) at birth was associated with a decreased risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection. 25(OH)D vitamin concentration was not consistently associated with the risk of infections. When only infected children were included docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) and arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) proportions were positively associated with IgG antibody levels against influenza A virus. 25(OH)D vitamin concentration showed an inverse association with rotavirus IgG levels among children with rotavirus seropositivity. Conclusions: In young children with increased susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, long-chain n-3 PUFAs may influence the risk of viral infections and immune response against the infections. However, this association may depend on the type of virus suggesting virus-specific effects.",

keywords = "Children, Coxsackie B Viruses, Fatty acids, Infections, Vitamin D",

author = "\{TRIGR investigators\} and Leena Hakola and Maarit Oikarinen and Sari Niinist{\"o} and David Cuthbertson and Jussi Lehtonen and Leena Puustinen and Sioofy-Khojine, \{Amir Babak\} and Jarno Honkanen and Mikael Knip and Krischer, \{Jeffrey P.\} and Iris Erlund and Heikki Hy{\"o}ty and Virtanen, \{Suvi M.\}",

note = "Funding Information: National Institutes of Health (grants 1DP3DK106918-01, HD040364, HD042444, and HD051997), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development (NICHD) , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , Canadian Institutes of Health Research , JDRF , the Commission of the European Communities (specific RTD programme Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources , contract QLK1-2002-00372 Diabetes Prevention), the EFSD/JDRF/Novo Nordisk Focused Research Grant , Academy of Finland (Decision No. 339922 and Centre of Excellence in Molecular Systems Immunology and Physiology Research 2012-2017, Decision No. 250114), Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation , Emil Aaltonen Foundation , Juho Vainio Foundation , Yrj{\"o} Jahnsson Foundation , P{\"a}ivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation . The study sponsors were not involved in the design of the study; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing the report; or the decision to submit the report for publication. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Authors",

year = "2022",

month = dec,

doi = "10.1016/j.clnu.2022.10.017",

language = "English",

volume = "41",

pages = "2729--2739",

journal = "Clinical Nutrition",

issn = "0261-5614",

publisher = "Churchill Livingstone",

number = "12",

}

TRIGR investigators, Hakola, L , Oikarinen, M, Niinistö, S, Cuthbertson, D, Lehtonen, J, Puustinen, L , Sioofy-Khojine, AB, Honkanen, J, Knip, M, Krischer, JP, Erlund, I, Hyöty, H & Virtanen, SM 2022, 'Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and fatty acids in relation to the risk of microbial infections in children: The TRIGR Divia study', Clinical Nutrition, vol. 41, no. 12, pp. 2729-2739. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2022.10.017

TY - JOUR

T1 - Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and fatty acids in relation to the risk of microbial infections in children

T2 - The TRIGR Divia study

AU - TRIGR investigators

AU - Hakola, Leena

AU - Oikarinen, Maarit

AU - Niinistö, Sari

AU - Cuthbertson, David

AU - Lehtonen, Jussi

AU - Puustinen, Leena

AU - Sioofy-Khojine, Amir Babak

AU - Honkanen, Jarno

AU - Knip, Mikael

AU - Krischer, Jeffrey P.

AU - Erlund, Iris

AU - Hyöty, Heikki

AU - Virtanen, Suvi M.

N1 - Funding Information: National Institutes of Health (grants 1DP3DK106918-01, HD040364, HD042444, and HD051997), the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development (NICHD) , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , Canadian Institutes of Health Research , JDRF , the Commission of the European Communities (specific RTD programme Quality of Life and Management of Living Resources , contract QLK1-2002-00372 Diabetes Prevention), the EFSD/JDRF/Novo Nordisk Focused Research Grant , Academy of Finland (Decision No. 339922 and Centre of Excellence in Molecular Systems Immunology and Physiology Research 2012-2017, Decision No. 250114), Finnish Diabetes Research Foundation , Emil Aaltonen Foundation , Juho Vainio Foundation , Yrjö Jahnsson Foundation , Päivikki and Sakari Sohlberg Foundation . The study sponsors were not involved in the design of the study; the collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; writing the report; or the decision to submit the report for publication. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Authors

PY - 2022/12

Y1 - 2022/12

N2 - Background & aims: Nutrient status may affect the risk of microbial infections and play a role in modulating the immune response against such infections. The aim of this study was to determine whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and serum fatty acids in infancy are associated with microbial infections by the age of 18 months. Methods: Altogether 576 newborn infants from Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR) born between 2002 and 2007 were included. The concentration of 25(OH)D vitamin and proportions of 26 fatty acids (presented as % of total fatty acids) were analyzed in cord blood serum and in sera taken at 6, 12, and 18 months of age. The cord blood samples and mean of 6–18-month values were used as exposures. Infections were detected by screening IgG antibodies against 10 microbes using enzyme immunoassay and antibodies against 6 coxsackievirus B serotypes by plaque neutralization assay in serum samples taken at 18 months of age. Results: A higher proportion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and especially long-chain n-3 PUFAs at birth and at the age of 6–18 months was associated with decreased risk of coxsackievirus B2 infection unadjusted and adjusted for region, case-control status, and maternal type 1 diabetes. Higher proportion of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5 n-3) at birth was associated with a decreased risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection. 25(OH)D vitamin concentration was not consistently associated with the risk of infections. When only infected children were included docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) and arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) proportions were positively associated with IgG antibody levels against influenza A virus. 25(OH)D vitamin concentration showed an inverse association with rotavirus IgG levels among children with rotavirus seropositivity. Conclusions: In young children with increased susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, long-chain n-3 PUFAs may influence the risk of viral infections and immune response against the infections. However, this association may depend on the type of virus suggesting virus-specific effects.

AB - Background & aims: Nutrient status may affect the risk of microbial infections and play a role in modulating the immune response against such infections. The aim of this study was to determine whether serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and serum fatty acids in infancy are associated with microbial infections by the age of 18 months. Methods: Altogether 576 newborn infants from Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR) born between 2002 and 2007 were included. The concentration of 25(OH)D vitamin and proportions of 26 fatty acids (presented as % of total fatty acids) were analyzed in cord blood serum and in sera taken at 6, 12, and 18 months of age. The cord blood samples and mean of 6–18-month values were used as exposures. Infections were detected by screening IgG antibodies against 10 microbes using enzyme immunoassay and antibodies against 6 coxsackievirus B serotypes by plaque neutralization assay in serum samples taken at 18 months of age. Results: A higher proportion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and especially long-chain n-3 PUFAs at birth and at the age of 6–18 months was associated with decreased risk of coxsackievirus B2 infection unadjusted and adjusted for region, case-control status, and maternal type 1 diabetes. Higher proportion of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5 n-3) at birth was associated with a decreased risk of respiratory syncytial virus infection. 25(OH)D vitamin concentration was not consistently associated with the risk of infections. When only infected children were included docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n-3) and arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6) proportions were positively associated with IgG antibody levels against influenza A virus. 25(OH)D vitamin concentration showed an inverse association with rotavirus IgG levels among children with rotavirus seropositivity. Conclusions: In young children with increased susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, long-chain n-3 PUFAs may influence the risk of viral infections and immune response against the infections. However, this association may depend on the type of virus suggesting virus-specific effects.

KW - Children

KW - Coxsackie B Viruses

KW - Fatty acids

KW - Infections

KW - Vitamin D

U2 - 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.10.017

DO - 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.10.017

M3 - Article

C2 - 36368258

AN - SCOPUS:85141543216

SN - 0261-5614

VL - 41

SP - 2729

EP - 2739

JO - Clinical Nutrition

JF - Clinical Nutrition

IS - 12

ER -

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and fatty acids in relation to the risk of microbial infections in children: The TRIGR Divia study

Abstract

Funding

UN SDGs

Keywords

Publication forum classification

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Access to Document

Fingerprint

Cite this