Service-oriented Modeling of Mixed-Fleet Systems in SysML v2 in a Harbor Logistics Scenario

Modern logistics systems aim to leverage digital technologies and may integrate autonomous components to increase efficiency and flexibility. In so-called mixed-fleet systems, human workers, manually operated machines, and autonomous machines collaboratively work towards a common goal. The subsystems are loosely coupled and can be reconfigured flexibly, leading to a change in behavior. Modeling this behavior requires flexible designs for model-driven systems engineering. Serviceoriented architectures can help focus on defining the expected behavior, independently of the involved actors. Additionally, eventbased communication mechanisms can decouple interactions between subsystems. This paper explores the use of SysML v2 for modeling a service-oriented architecture of mixed-fleet systems. Based on an available set of requirements, suitable SysML v2 modeling elements are identified that can describe services, events, and service choreographies. We use the described concepts to create a SysML v2 model of a mixed-fleet harbor logistics use case. Based on this model, we demonstrate how business processes can be composed of reusable services and how requirements and verification can be integrated to ensure correctness of behavior. The results show that SysML v2 meets key requirements for service-oriented architectures and enables separating service definitions, actors, and verification elements. Reusable modeling patterns were applied to support scalability, and enable traceability within the model across actors and services. Furthermore, domain-specific constraints and requirements were composed into modeling elements using formal mechanisms to ensure that they are not only documented, but actively connected to the model.