Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin and Black Liquor Derived Lignin

Jukka Lappalainen; David Baudouin; Ursel Hornung; Julia Schuler; Kristian Melin; Saša  Bjelić; Frédéric   Vogel; Jukka Konttinen; Tero Joronen

doi:10.3390/en13133309

Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin and Black Liquor Derived Lignin

Jukka Lappalainen
, David Baudouin
, Ursel Hornung
, Julia Schuler
, Kristian Melin
, Saša Bjelić
, Frédéric Vogel
, Jukka Konttinen
, Tero Joronen

Research output: Contribution to journal › Review Article › peer-review

70 Citations (Scopus)

18 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

To mitigate global warming, humankind has been forced to develop new eﬃcient energy solutions based on renewable energy sources. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technology that can eﬃciently produce bio-oil from several biomass sources. The HTL process uses sub- or supercritical water for producing bio-oil, water-soluble organics, gaseous products and char.
Black liquor mainly contains cooking chemicals (mainly alkali salts) lignin and the hemicellulose parts of the wood chips used for cellulose digestion. This review explores the eﬀects of diﬀerent process parameters, solvents and catalysts for the HTL of black liquor or black liquor-derived lignin. Using short residence times under near- or supercritical water conditions may improve both the
quality and the quantity of the bio-oil yield. The quality and yield of bio-oil can be further improved by using solvents (e.g., phenol) and catalysts (e.g., alkali salts, zirconia). However, the solubility of alkali salts present in black liquor can lead to clogging problem in the HTL reactor and process tubes when approaching supercritical water conditions.

Original language	English
Article number	3309
Number of pages	42
Journal	Energies
Volume	13
Issue number	13
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133309
Publication status	Published - 28 Jun 2020
Publication type	A2 Review article in a scientific journal

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This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

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10.3390/en13133309Licence: CC BY

Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction 2020Final published version, 3.85 MBLicence: CC BY

http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:tuni-202008276725Licence: CC BY

Energy and biorefining
Konttinen, J. (Contact), He, C. (Contact) & Tolvanen, H. (Contact)
Materials Science and Environmental Engineering
Facility/equipment: Research infrastructure

Cite this

@article{6083016173b94ecbabb95763d09b9070,

title = "Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin and Black Liquor Derived Lignin",

abstract = "To mitigate global warming, humankind has been forced to develop new eﬃcient energy solutions based on renewable energy sources. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technology that can eﬃciently produce bio-oil from several biomass sources. The HTL process uses sub- or supercritical water for producing bio-oil, water-soluble organics, gaseous products and char. Black liquor mainly contains cooking chemicals (mainly alkali salts) lignin and the hemicellulose parts of the wood chips used for cellulose digestion. This review explores the eﬀects of diﬀerent process parameters, solvents and catalysts for the HTL of black liquor or black liquor-derived lignin. Using short residence times under near- or supercritical water conditions may improve both the quality and the quantity of the bio-oil yield. The quality and yield of bio-oil can be further improved by using solvents (e.g., phenol) and catalysts (e.g., alkali salts, zirconia). However, the solubility of alkali salts present in black liquor can lead to clogging problem in the HTL reactor and process tubes when approaching supercritical water conditions.",

author = "Jukka Lappalainen and David Baudouin and Ursel Hornung and Julia Schuler and Kristian Melin and Sa{\v s}a Bjeli{\'c} and Fr{\'e}d{\'e}ric Vogel and Jukka Konttinen and Tero Joronen",

year = "2020",

month = jun,

day = "28",

doi = "10.3390/en13133309",

language = "English",

volume = "13",

journal = "Energies",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin and Black Liquor Derived Lignin

AU - Lappalainen, Jukka

AU - Baudouin, David

AU - Hornung, Ursel

AU - Schuler, Julia

AU - Melin, Kristian

AU - Bjelić, Saša

AU - Vogel, Frédéric

AU - Konttinen, Jukka

AU - Joronen, Tero

PY - 2020/6/28

Y1 - 2020/6/28

N2 - To mitigate global warming, humankind has been forced to develop new eﬃcient energy solutions based on renewable energy sources. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technology that can eﬃciently produce bio-oil from several biomass sources. The HTL process uses sub- or supercritical water for producing bio-oil, water-soluble organics, gaseous products and char. Black liquor mainly contains cooking chemicals (mainly alkali salts) lignin and the hemicellulose parts of the wood chips used for cellulose digestion. This review explores the eﬀects of diﬀerent process parameters, solvents and catalysts for the HTL of black liquor or black liquor-derived lignin. Using short residence times under near- or supercritical water conditions may improve both the quality and the quantity of the bio-oil yield. The quality and yield of bio-oil can be further improved by using solvents (e.g., phenol) and catalysts (e.g., alkali salts, zirconia). However, the solubility of alkali salts present in black liquor can lead to clogging problem in the HTL reactor and process tubes when approaching supercritical water conditions.

AB - To mitigate global warming, humankind has been forced to develop new eﬃcient energy solutions based on renewable energy sources. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising technology that can eﬃciently produce bio-oil from several biomass sources. The HTL process uses sub- or supercritical water for producing bio-oil, water-soluble organics, gaseous products and char. Black liquor mainly contains cooking chemicals (mainly alkali salts) lignin and the hemicellulose parts of the wood chips used for cellulose digestion. This review explores the eﬀects of diﬀerent process parameters, solvents and catalysts for the HTL of black liquor or black liquor-derived lignin. Using short residence times under near- or supercritical water conditions may improve both the quality and the quantity of the bio-oil yield. The quality and yield of bio-oil can be further improved by using solvents (e.g., phenol) and catalysts (e.g., alkali salts, zirconia). However, the solubility of alkali salts present in black liquor can lead to clogging problem in the HTL reactor and process tubes when approaching supercritical water conditions.

U2 - 10.3390/en13133309

DO - 10.3390/en13133309

M3 - Review Article

SN - 1996-1073

VL - 13

JO - Energies

JF - Energies

IS - 13

M1 - 3309

ER -

Sub- and Supercritical Water Liquefaction of Kraft Lignin and Black Liquor Derived Lignin

Abstract

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