Abstract
Game-based learning (GBL) environments are designed to foster emotional experiences conducive to learning; yet, there are mixed findings regarding their effectiveness. The inconsistent results may stem from challenges in measuring and modeling emotions as multi-dimensional constructs during GBL. Traditional approaches often use one data channel and conventional statistics to study emotions, which limit our understanding of the multi-componential interactions that underlie emotional states during GBL. In this study, we merged non-linear dynamical systems (NLDS) theory with the component process model of emotion to examine interactions and synchrony among two emotion signals during GBL, facial expressions and heart rate variability (HRV), and assessed its relation to knowledge and learning gain. Data were collected from 58 participants (n = 58) at a university in Central Finland while they learned about pathology with a tower defense game called Antidote COVID-19. Results showed a significant improvement in knowledge after GBL. A NLDS technique called cross-wavelet transformation showed there were varying degrees of synchrony between facial expressions and HRV. Neutral expressions showed the highest degree of synchrony with HRV, followed closely by happiness and anger with HRV. However, the synchrony between facial expressions and HRV did not affect knowledge and learning gain. This research contributes to the field by studying emotions as multidimensional systems during GLB.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | Technology Enhanced Learning for Inclusive and Equitable Quality Education |
Subtitle of host publication | 19th European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning, EC-TEL 2024, Proceedings |
Editors | Rafael Ferreira Mello, Nikol Rummel, Ioana Jivet, Gerti Pishtari, José A. Ruipérez Valiente |
Publisher | Springer |
Pages | 90-104 |
Number of pages | 15 |
Edition | 1 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9783031723155 |
ISBN (Print) | 9783031723148 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 2024 |
Publication type | A4 Article in conference proceedings |
Event | European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning - Krems, Austria Duration: 16 Sept 2024 → 20 Sept 2024 Conference number: 19 https://ea-tel.eu/ectel2024 |
Publication series
Name | Lecture Notes in Computer Science |
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Volume | 15159 LNCS |
ISSN (Print) | 0302-9743 |
ISSN (Electronic) | 1611-3349 |
Conference
Conference | European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning |
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Abbreviated title | ECTEL |
Country/Territory | Austria |
City | Krems |
Period | 16/09/24 → 20/09/24 |
Internet address |
Keywords
- Emotions
- Game-based Learning
- Non-linear Dynamical Systems
Publication forum classification
- Publication forum level 1
ASJC Scopus subject areas
- Theoretical Computer Science
- General Computer Science