TY - JOUR
T1 - The characteristics and size of lung-depositing particles vary significantly between high and low pollution traffic environments
AU - Salo, Laura
AU - Hyvärinen, Antti
AU - Jalava, Pasi
AU - Teinilä, Kimmo
AU - Hooda, Rakesh K.
AU - Datta, Arindam
AU - Saarikoski, Sanna
AU - Lintusaari, Henna
AU - Lepistö, Teemu
AU - Martikainen, Sampsa
AU - Rostedt, Antti
AU - Sharma, Ved Prakash
AU - Rahman, Md. Hafizur
AU - Subudhi, Sanjukta
AU - Asmi, Eija
AU - Niemi, Jarkko V.
AU - Lihavainen, Heikki
AU - Lal, Banwari
AU - Keskinen, Jorma
AU - Kuuluvainen, Heino
AU - Timonen, Hilkka
AU - Rönkkö, Topi
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was in part funded by TAQIITA: Traffic and air quality in India: technologies and attitudes. TAQIITA project has received funding from Business Finland , Neste , Dekati , Pegasor and Helsinki Region Environmental Services Authority (HSY) . TAQIITA grant number 2763/31/2015 .
Funding Information:
This work was also funded by TUBE: Transport-derived ultrafines and the brain effects. TUBE has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement No 814978 .
Funding Information:
Academy of Finland Flagship funding Atmosphere and Climate Competence Center, ACCC (grant no. 337552 , 337549 ) is gratefully acknowledged.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 The Author(s)
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - Currently, only the mass of sub 2.5 μm and sub 10 μm particles (PM2.5, PM10) in ambient air is regulated and monitored closely, but the same increase in PM2.5 can cause different degrees of health effects in different cities (sometimes more harmful effects per unit mass in less polluted cities) (Li et al., 2019). In addition to mass concentration, other measurement metrics are needed to connect particle pollution data and health effects. In our measurements made in traffic-influenced environments in Helsinki, Finland (a relatively clean city), and Delhi-National Capital Region (Delhi-NCR), India (a polluted area), we noted a large difference in the median particle size for lung-deposited surface area (LDSA). In Helsinki, the median size was 80 nm, corresponding to soot particles emitted from diesel engines. However, the median size increased to 190 nm during a long-range transport event of air mass. In Delhi-NCR, surprisingly, the median size was even larger, 410 nm. These larger particles were likely to originate from regional sources rather than local traffic. The LDSA to PM2.5 ratio for particles in Helsinki was 2–4 times the amount in Delhi-NCR, potentially linked with the higher toxicity of a unit of particulate mass in Helsinki.
AB - Currently, only the mass of sub 2.5 μm and sub 10 μm particles (PM2.5, PM10) in ambient air is regulated and monitored closely, but the same increase in PM2.5 can cause different degrees of health effects in different cities (sometimes more harmful effects per unit mass in less polluted cities) (Li et al., 2019). In addition to mass concentration, other measurement metrics are needed to connect particle pollution data and health effects. In our measurements made in traffic-influenced environments in Helsinki, Finland (a relatively clean city), and Delhi-National Capital Region (Delhi-NCR), India (a polluted area), we noted a large difference in the median particle size for lung-deposited surface area (LDSA). In Helsinki, the median size was 80 nm, corresponding to soot particles emitted from diesel engines. However, the median size increased to 190 nm during a long-range transport event of air mass. In Delhi-NCR, surprisingly, the median size was even larger, 410 nm. These larger particles were likely to originate from regional sources rather than local traffic. The LDSA to PM2.5 ratio for particles in Helsinki was 2–4 times the amount in Delhi-NCR, potentially linked with the higher toxicity of a unit of particulate mass in Helsinki.
KW - Air quality
KW - LDSA
KW - Particle size distribution
KW - Traffic emissions
U2 - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118421
DO - 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118421
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85104908670
VL - 255
JO - Atmospheric Environment
JF - Atmospheric Environment
SN - 1352-2310
M1 - 118421
ER -
