The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer

Mao Xiao; Christopher R. Hoyle; Lubna Dada; Dominik Stolzenburg; Andreas Kürten; Mingyi Wang; Houssni Lamkaddam; Olga Garmash; Bernhard Mentler; Ugo Molteni; Andrea Baccarini; Mario Simon; Xu Cheng He; Katrianne Lehtipalo; Lauri R. Ahonen; Rima Baalbaki; Paulus S. Bauer; Lisa Beck; David Bell; Federico Bianchi; Sophia Brilke; Dexian Chen; Randall Chiu; António Dias; Jonathan Duplissy; Henning Finkenzeller; Hamish Gordon; Victoria Hofbauer; Changhyuk Kim; Theodore K. Koenig; Janne Lampilahti; Chuan Ping Lee; Zijun Li; Huajun Mai; Vladimir Makhmutov; Hanna E. Manninen; Ruby Marten; Serge Mathot; Roy L. Mauldin; Wei Nie; Antti Onnela; Eva Partoll; Tuukka Petäjä; Joschka Pfeifer; Veronika Pospisilova; Lauriane L.J. Quéléver; Matti Rissanen; Siegfried Schobesberger; Simone Schuchmann; Yuri Stozhkov; Christian Tauber; Yee Jun Tham; António Tomé; Miguel Vazquez-Pufleau; Andrea C. Wagner; Robert Wagner; Yonghong Wang; Lena Weitz; Daniela Wimmer; Yusheng Wu; Chao Yan; Penglin Ye; Qing Ye; Qiaozhi Zha; Xueqin Zhou; Antonio Amorim; Ken Carslaw; Joachim Curtius; Armin Hansel; Rainer Volkamer; Paul M. Winkler; Richard C. Flagan; Markku Kulmala; Douglas R. Worsnop; Jasper Kirkby; Neil M. Donahue; Urs Baltensperger; Imad El Haddad; Josef Dommen

doi:10.5194/acp-21-14275-2021

The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer

Mao Xiao
, Christopher R. Hoyle
, Lubna Dada
, Dominik Stolzenburg
, Andreas Kürten
, Mingyi Wang
, Houssni Lamkaddam
, Olga Garmash
, Bernhard Mentler
, Ugo Molteni
, Andrea Baccarini
, Mario Simon
, Xu Cheng He
, Katrianne Lehtipalo
, Lauri R. Ahonen
, Rima Baalbaki
, Paulus S. Bauer
, Lisa Beck
, David Bell
, Federico Bianchi

Sophia Brilke, Dexian Chen, Randall Chiu, António Dias, Jonathan Duplissy, Henning Finkenzeller, Hamish Gordon, Victoria Hofbauer, Changhyuk Kim, Theodore K. Koenig, Janne Lampilahti, Chuan Ping Lee, Zijun Li, Huajun Mai, Vladimir Makhmutov, Hanna E. Manninen, Ruby Marten, Serge Mathot, Roy L. Mauldin, Wei Nie, Antti Onnela, Eva Partoll, Tuukka Petäjä, Joschka Pfeifer, Veronika Pospisilova, Lauriane L.J. Quéléver, Matti Rissanen, Siegfried Schobesberger, Simone Schuchmann, Yuri Stozhkov, Christian Tauber, Yee Jun Tham, António Tomé, Miguel Vazquez-Pufleau, Andrea C. Wagner, Robert Wagner, Yonghong Wang, Lena Weitz, Daniela Wimmer, Yusheng Wu, Chao Yan, Penglin Ye, Qing Ye, Qiaozhi Zha, Xueqin Zhou, Antonio Amorim, Ken Carslaw, Joachim Curtius, Armin Hansel, Rainer Volkamer, Paul M. Winkler, Richard C. Flagan, Markku Kulmala, Douglas R. Worsnop, Jasper Kirkby, Neil M. Donahue, Urs Baltensperger^*, Imad El Haddad, Josef Dommen

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Scientific › peer-review

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Abstract

New particle formation (NPF) is a significant source of atmospheric particles, affecting climate and air quality. Understanding the mechanisms involved in urban aerosols is important to develop effective mitigation strategies. However, NPF rates reported in the polluted boundary layer span more than 4 orders of magnitude, and the reasons behind this variability are the subject of intense scientific debate. Multiple atmospheric vapours have been postulated to participate in NPF, including sulfuric acid, ammonia, amines and organics, but their relative roles remain unclear. We investigated NPF in the CLOUD chamber using mixtures of anthropogenic vapours that simulate polluted boundary layer conditions. We demonstrate that NPF in polluted environments is largely driven by the formation of sulfuric acid-base clusters, stabilized by the presence of amines, high ammonia concentrations and lower temperatures. Aromatic oxidation products, despite their extremely low volatility, play a minor role in NPF in the chosen urban environment but can be important for particle growth and hence for the survival of newly formed particles. Our measurements quantitatively account for NPF in highly diverse urban environments and explain its large observed variability. Such quantitative information obtained under controlled laboratory conditions will help the interpretation of future ambient observations of NPF rates in polluted atmospheres.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	14275-14291
Number of pages	17
Journal	Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
Volume	21
Issue number	18
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14275-2021
Publication status	Published - 2021
Publication type	A1 Journal article-refereed

Funding

Financial support. This research has received funding from the following: the EC Seventh Framework Programme and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme (Marie Skłodowska-Curie ITNs no. 316662 “CLOUD-TRAIN” and no. 764991 “CLOUD-MOTION”); Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant “Nano-CAVa” 656994 and Horizon 2020 MC-COFUND grant (665779); ERC Advanced (“ATM-GP” grant no. 227463); ERC-Consolidator Grant (NANODYNAMITE 616075); ERC-Starting grant (COALA, grant no. 638703, QAPPA, grant no. 335478); the Swiss National Science Foundation (no. 200021_169090, 200020_172602, 20FI20_ 172622); the US National Science Foundation (grant nos. AGC1439551, AGS1447056, AGS1531284, AGS1801574, AGS1801897, AGS1649147, AGS1801280, AGS1602086, 1801329); Wallace Research Foundation, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01LK1222A CLOUD-12 and 01LK1601A CLOUD-16); the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project no. CERN/FIS-COM/0014/2017); the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (“High energy physics and neutrino astrophysics” 2015 and the programme “Physics of Fundamental Interactions” 2017–2020); the Austrian Science Fund (FWF, project nos. J3951-N36 and P27295-N20); NASA graduate fellowship (NASA-NNX16AP36H); and the Academy of Finland (project numbers 299574, 307331, 331207, 326948, and 310682).

UN SDGs

This output contributes to the following UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

SDG 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities
SDG 13 Climate Action

Publication forum classification

Publication forum level 3

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Atmospheric Science

Access to Document

10.5194/acp-21-14275-2021Licence: CC BY

The driving factors of new particle formationFinal published version, 2.55 MBLicence: CC BY

https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:tuni-202111118356Licence: CC BY

Cite this

Xiao, M., Hoyle, C. R., Dada, L., Stolzenburg, D., Kürten, A., Wang, M., Lamkaddam, H., Garmash, O., Mentler, B., Molteni, U., Baccarini, A., Simon, M., He, X. C., Lehtipalo, K., Ahonen, L. R., Baalbaki, R., Bauer, P. S., Beck, L., Bell, D., ... Dommen, J. (2021). The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 21(18), 14275-14291. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14275-2021

@article{a811078a088049de94f656a22b5e4b1c,

title = "The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer",

abstract = "New particle formation (NPF) is a significant source of atmospheric particles, affecting climate and air quality. Understanding the mechanisms involved in urban aerosols is important to develop effective mitigation strategies. However, NPF rates reported in the polluted boundary layer span more than 4 orders of magnitude, and the reasons behind this variability are the subject of intense scientific debate. Multiple atmospheric vapours have been postulated to participate in NPF, including sulfuric acid, ammonia, amines and organics, but their relative roles remain unclear. We investigated NPF in the CLOUD chamber using mixtures of anthropogenic vapours that simulate polluted boundary layer conditions. We demonstrate that NPF in polluted environments is largely driven by the formation of sulfuric acid-base clusters, stabilized by the presence of amines, high ammonia concentrations and lower temperatures. Aromatic oxidation products, despite their extremely low volatility, play a minor role in NPF in the chosen urban environment but can be important for particle growth and hence for the survival of newly formed particles. Our measurements quantitatively account for NPF in highly diverse urban environments and explain its large observed variability. Such quantitative information obtained under controlled laboratory conditions will help the interpretation of future ambient observations of NPF rates in polluted atmospheres. ",

author = "Mao Xiao and Hoyle, \{Christopher R.\} and Lubna Dada and Dominik Stolzenburg and Andreas K{\"u}rten and Mingyi Wang and Houssni Lamkaddam and Olga Garmash and Bernhard Mentler and Ugo Molteni and Andrea Baccarini and Mario Simon and He, \{Xu Cheng\} and Katrianne Lehtipalo and Ahonen, \{Lauri R.\} and Rima Baalbaki and Bauer, \{Paulus S.\} and Lisa Beck and David Bell and Federico Bianchi and Sophia Brilke and Dexian Chen and Randall Chiu and Ant{\'o}nio Dias and Jonathan Duplissy and Henning Finkenzeller and Hamish Gordon and Victoria Hofbauer and Changhyuk Kim and Koenig, \{Theodore K.\} and Janne Lampilahti and Lee, \{Chuan Ping\} and Zijun Li and Huajun Mai and Vladimir Makhmutov and Manninen, \{Hanna E.\} and Ruby Marten and Serge Mathot and Mauldin, \{Roy L.\} and Wei Nie and Antti Onnela and Eva Partoll and Tuukka Pet{\"a}j{\"a} and Joschka Pfeifer and Veronika Pospisilova and Qu{\'e}l{\'e}ver, \{Lauriane L.J.\} and Matti Rissanen and Siegfried Schobesberger and Simone Schuchmann and Yuri Stozhkov and Christian Tauber and Tham, \{Yee Jun\} and Ant{\'o}nio Tom{\'e} and Miguel Vazquez-Pufleau and Wagner, \{Andrea C.\} and Robert Wagner and Yonghong Wang and Lena Weitz and Daniela Wimmer and Yusheng Wu and Chao Yan and Penglin Ye and Qing Ye and Qiaozhi Zha and Xueqin Zhou and Antonio Amorim and Ken Carslaw and Joachim Curtius and Armin Hansel and Rainer Volkamer and Winkler, \{Paul M.\} and Flagan, \{Richard C.\} and Markku Kulmala and Worsnop, \{Douglas R.\} and Jasper Kirkby and Donahue, \{Neil M.\} and Urs Baltensperger and \{El Haddad\}, Imad and Josef Dommen",

note = "Funding Information: Financial support. This research has received funding from the following: the EC Seventh Framework Programme and the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 programme (Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie ITNs no. 316662 “CLOUD-TRAIN” and no. 764991 “CLOUD-MOTION”); Horizon 2020 Marie Sk{\l}odowska-Curie grant “Nano-CAVa” 656994 and Horizon 2020 MC-COFUND grant (665779); ERC Advanced (“ATM-GP” grant no. 227463); ERC-Consolidator Grant (NANODYNAMITE 616075); ERC-Starting grant (COALA, grant no. 638703, QAPPA, grant no. 335478); the Swiss National Science Foundation (no. 200021\_169090, 200020\_172602, 20FI20\_ 172622); the US National Science Foundation (grant nos. AGC1439551, AGS1447056, AGS1531284, AGS1801574, AGS1801897, AGS1649147, AGS1801280, AGS1602086, 1801329); Wallace Research Foundation, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01LK1222A CLOUD-12 and 01LK1601A CLOUD-16); the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project no. CERN/FIS-COM/0014/2017); the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (“High energy physics and neutrino astrophysics” 2015 and the programme “Physics of Fundamental Interactions” 2017–2020); the Austrian Science Fund (FWF, project nos. J3951-N36 and P27295-N20); NASA graduate fellowship (NASA-NNX16AP36H); and the Academy of Finland (project numbers 299574, 307331, 331207, 326948, and 310682). Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 Mao Xiao et al.",

year = "2021",

doi = "10.5194/acp-21-14275-2021",

language = "English",

volume = "21",

pages = "14275--14291",

journal = "Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics",

issn = "1680-7316",

publisher = "Copernicus Publications",

number = "18",

}

Xiao, M, Hoyle, CR, Dada, L, Stolzenburg, D, Kürten, A, Wang, M, Lamkaddam, H, Garmash, O, Mentler, B, Molteni, U, Baccarini, A, Simon, M, He, XC, Lehtipalo, K, Ahonen, LR, Baalbaki, R, Bauer, PS, Beck, L, Bell, D, Bianchi, F, Brilke, S, Chen, D, Chiu, R, Dias, A, Duplissy, J, Finkenzeller, H, Gordon, H, Hofbauer, V, Kim, C, Koenig, TK, Lampilahti, J, Lee, CP, Li, Z, Mai, H, Makhmutov, V, Manninen, HE, Marten, R, Mathot, S, Mauldin, RL, Nie, W, Onnela, A, Partoll, E, Petäjä, T, Pfeifer, J, Pospisilova, V, Quéléver, LLJ, Rissanen, M, Schobesberger, S, Schuchmann, S, Stozhkov, Y, Tauber, C, Tham, YJ, Tomé, A, Vazquez-Pufleau, M, Wagner, AC, Wagner, R, Wang, Y, Weitz, L, Wimmer, D, Wu, Y, Yan, C, Ye, P, Ye, Q, Zha, Q, Zhou, X, Amorim, A, Carslaw, K, Curtius, J, Hansel, A, Volkamer, R, Winkler, PM, Flagan, RC, Kulmala, M, Worsnop, DR, Kirkby, J, Donahue, NM, Baltensperger, U, El Haddad, I & Dommen, J 2021, 'The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer', Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol. 21, no. 18, pp. 14275-14291. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-14275-2021

TY - JOUR

T1 - The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer

AU - Xiao, Mao

AU - Hoyle, Christopher R.

AU - Dada, Lubna

AU - Stolzenburg, Dominik

AU - Kürten, Andreas

AU - Wang, Mingyi

AU - Lamkaddam, Houssni

AU - Garmash, Olga

AU - Mentler, Bernhard

AU - Molteni, Ugo

AU - Baccarini, Andrea

AU - Simon, Mario

AU - He, Xu Cheng

AU - Lehtipalo, Katrianne

AU - Ahonen, Lauri R.

AU - Baalbaki, Rima

AU - Bauer, Paulus S.

AU - Beck, Lisa

AU - Bell, David

AU - Bianchi, Federico

AU - Brilke, Sophia

AU - Chen, Dexian

AU - Chiu, Randall

AU - Dias, António

AU - Duplissy, Jonathan

AU - Finkenzeller, Henning

AU - Gordon, Hamish

AU - Hofbauer, Victoria

AU - Kim, Changhyuk

AU - Koenig, Theodore K.

AU - Lampilahti, Janne

AU - Lee, Chuan Ping

AU - Li, Zijun

AU - Mai, Huajun

AU - Makhmutov, Vladimir

AU - Manninen, Hanna E.

AU - Marten, Ruby

AU - Mathot, Serge

AU - Mauldin, Roy L.

AU - Nie, Wei

AU - Onnela, Antti

AU - Partoll, Eva

AU - Petäjä, Tuukka

AU - Pfeifer, Joschka

AU - Pospisilova, Veronika

AU - Quéléver, Lauriane L.J.

AU - Rissanen, Matti

AU - Schobesberger, Siegfried

AU - Schuchmann, Simone

AU - Stozhkov, Yuri

AU - Tauber, Christian

AU - Tham, Yee Jun

AU - Tomé, António

AU - Vazquez-Pufleau, Miguel

AU - Wagner, Andrea C.

AU - Wagner, Robert

AU - Wang, Yonghong

AU - Weitz, Lena

AU - Wimmer, Daniela

AU - Wu, Yusheng

AU - Yan, Chao

AU - Ye, Penglin

AU - Ye, Qing

AU - Zha, Qiaozhi

AU - Zhou, Xueqin

AU - Amorim, Antonio

AU - Carslaw, Ken

AU - Curtius, Joachim

AU - Hansel, Armin

AU - Volkamer, Rainer

AU - Winkler, Paul M.

AU - Flagan, Richard C.

AU - Kulmala, Markku

AU - Worsnop, Douglas R.

AU - Kirkby, Jasper

AU - Donahue, Neil M.

AU - Baltensperger, Urs

AU - El Haddad, Imad

AU - Dommen, Josef

N1 - Funding Information: Financial support. This research has received funding from the following: the EC Seventh Framework Programme and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 programme (Marie Skłodowska-Curie ITNs no. 316662 “CLOUD-TRAIN” and no. 764991 “CLOUD-MOTION”); Horizon 2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant “Nano-CAVa” 656994 and Horizon 2020 MC-COFUND grant (665779); ERC Advanced (“ATM-GP” grant no. 227463); ERC-Consolidator Grant (NANODYNAMITE 616075); ERC-Starting grant (COALA, grant no. 638703, QAPPA, grant no. 335478); the Swiss National Science Foundation (no. 200021_169090, 200020_172602, 20FI20_ 172622); the US National Science Foundation (grant nos. AGC1439551, AGS1447056, AGS1531284, AGS1801574, AGS1801897, AGS1649147, AGS1801280, AGS1602086, 1801329); Wallace Research Foundation, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (01LK1222A CLOUD-12 and 01LK1601A CLOUD-16); the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (project no. CERN/FIS-COM/0014/2017); the Presidium of the Russian Academy of Sciences (“High energy physics and neutrino astrophysics” 2015 and the programme “Physics of Fundamental Interactions” 2017–2020); the Austrian Science Fund (FWF, project nos. J3951-N36 and P27295-N20); NASA graduate fellowship (NASA-NNX16AP36H); and the Academy of Finland (project numbers 299574, 307331, 331207, 326948, and 310682). Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Mao Xiao et al.

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - New particle formation (NPF) is a significant source of atmospheric particles, affecting climate and air quality. Understanding the mechanisms involved in urban aerosols is important to develop effective mitigation strategies. However, NPF rates reported in the polluted boundary layer span more than 4 orders of magnitude, and the reasons behind this variability are the subject of intense scientific debate. Multiple atmospheric vapours have been postulated to participate in NPF, including sulfuric acid, ammonia, amines and organics, but their relative roles remain unclear. We investigated NPF in the CLOUD chamber using mixtures of anthropogenic vapours that simulate polluted boundary layer conditions. We demonstrate that NPF in polluted environments is largely driven by the formation of sulfuric acid-base clusters, stabilized by the presence of amines, high ammonia concentrations and lower temperatures. Aromatic oxidation products, despite their extremely low volatility, play a minor role in NPF in the chosen urban environment but can be important for particle growth and hence for the survival of newly formed particles. Our measurements quantitatively account for NPF in highly diverse urban environments and explain its large observed variability. Such quantitative information obtained under controlled laboratory conditions will help the interpretation of future ambient observations of NPF rates in polluted atmospheres.

AB - New particle formation (NPF) is a significant source of atmospheric particles, affecting climate and air quality. Understanding the mechanisms involved in urban aerosols is important to develop effective mitigation strategies. However, NPF rates reported in the polluted boundary layer span more than 4 orders of magnitude, and the reasons behind this variability are the subject of intense scientific debate. Multiple atmospheric vapours have been postulated to participate in NPF, including sulfuric acid, ammonia, amines and organics, but their relative roles remain unclear. We investigated NPF in the CLOUD chamber using mixtures of anthropogenic vapours that simulate polluted boundary layer conditions. We demonstrate that NPF in polluted environments is largely driven by the formation of sulfuric acid-base clusters, stabilized by the presence of amines, high ammonia concentrations and lower temperatures. Aromatic oxidation products, despite their extremely low volatility, play a minor role in NPF in the chosen urban environment but can be important for particle growth and hence for the survival of newly formed particles. Our measurements quantitatively account for NPF in highly diverse urban environments and explain its large observed variability. Such quantitative information obtained under controlled laboratory conditions will help the interpretation of future ambient observations of NPF rates in polluted atmospheres.

U2 - 10.5194/acp-21-14275-2021

DO - 10.5194/acp-21-14275-2021

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85116318136

SN - 1680-7316

VL - 21

SP - 14275

EP - 14291

JO - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

JF - Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics

IS - 18

ER -

The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer

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