Abstract
Smoking is estimated to cause 6.3 million deaths annually worldwide. The use of snuff, differing from smoking, has significantly increased especially among the adolescents. Snuff powder contains 20-fold more nicotine compared to cigarettes, leading to strong nicotine addiction. In addition to cancer development, both smoking and snuff use exert other risks for oral health. Compared with non-smokers, smokers are at a 10-fold risk for the development and progression of periodontal diseases. Snuff causes oral mucosal changes, gingival recessions and root surface caries. Smoking induces systemic low-grade inflammation, which weakens defensive immune responses in oral mucosa, gingiva, gingival crevicular fluid and saliva.
| Translated title of the contribution | Tobacco, snuff and oral health |
|---|---|
| Original language | Finnish |
| Pages (from-to) | 1975-1980 |
| Number of pages | 6 |
| Journal | Duodecim |
| Volume | 131 |
| Issue number | 21 |
| Publication status | Published - 2015 |
| Externally published | Yes |
| Publication type | A2 Review article in a scientific journal |
