TY - GEN
T1 - Characterization of Physical and Chemical Properties of Particulate Emissions of a Modern Diesel-Powered Tractor under Real Driving Conditions
AU - Martikainen, Sampsa
AU - Karjalainen, Panu
AU - Rönkkö, Topi
AU - Järvinen, Anssi
AU - Kalliokoski, Joni
AU - Keskinen, Jorma
AU - Ntziachristos, Leonidas
AU - Teinilä, Kimmo
AU - Saarikoski, Sanna
AU - Aurela, Minna
AU - Timonen, Hilkka
AU - Saveljeff, Henna
AU - Lauren, Mika
N1 - JUFOID=71412
Funding Information:
This work was conducted in the framework of the HERE project funded by Business Finland (decision number 40330/13), AGCO Power Oy, Dinex Finland Oy, Dekati Oy, Neste Oyj, Pegasor Oy, and Wärtsilä Finland Oy. Antti Kalliokoski and Petri Hannukainen from Valtra Oy, Matthew Bloss from FMI and Pauli Simonen from TAU are all acknowledged for their work and support in the experimental work. Additionally, Sampsa Martikainen acknowledges funding from Kone Foundation, Panu Karjalainen funding from Academy of Finland (EFFi decision Nr. 322120) and Joni Kalliokoski from Tampere University graduate school.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 SAE International. All rights reserved.
Copyright:
Copyright 2020 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.
PY - 2020/9/15
Y1 - 2020/9/15
N2 - In this study, tailpipe-sampling was used to sample the exhaust aerosol of a Stage IV tractor equipped with Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) aftertreatment systems. The particle emissions were characterized in terms of number concentration (particle size of > 2.5 nm), mass concentration (particle size of 6-612 nm) BC mass concentration and chemical composition (particle size of > 30 nm). The measurements were conducted on-road by setting a mobile laboratory on a trailer and pulling it with the tractor. In addition to driving, heavy-lift work cycles were tested, where separate lifts of a 1000 kg weight were conducted with the front fork of the tractor with two minutes of idling between consecutive lifts. Both a Porous Tube Diluter (PTD) with ambient temperature dilution air as well as an ejector diluter with hot dilution air were used to sample the exhaust aerosol. Emission factors for particle number, particle mass and BC (mass) were calculated in three engine operating conditions: road driving, during load-lifting and engine idling. During heavy-lifts, the calculated emission factors were approximately eight times higher for particle number and 20-30 times higher for particle mass, when compared to emission factors obtained from road-driving. The particle number size distribution of exhaust was typically dominated by soot mode mostly in sub-100 nanometer particle size range. However, the exhaust particle concentrations varied significantly, depending on driving parameters and engine loading. The differences in emission factors and size distributions between the diluter setups were very small. The particulate mass consisted mostly of BC and organic compounds, but also small traces of sulphates and nitrates were detected during road-driving.
AB - In this study, tailpipe-sampling was used to sample the exhaust aerosol of a Stage IV tractor equipped with Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC) and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) aftertreatment systems. The particle emissions were characterized in terms of number concentration (particle size of > 2.5 nm), mass concentration (particle size of 6-612 nm) BC mass concentration and chemical composition (particle size of > 30 nm). The measurements were conducted on-road by setting a mobile laboratory on a trailer and pulling it with the tractor. In addition to driving, heavy-lift work cycles were tested, where separate lifts of a 1000 kg weight were conducted with the front fork of the tractor with two minutes of idling between consecutive lifts. Both a Porous Tube Diluter (PTD) with ambient temperature dilution air as well as an ejector diluter with hot dilution air were used to sample the exhaust aerosol. Emission factors for particle number, particle mass and BC (mass) were calculated in three engine operating conditions: road driving, during load-lifting and engine idling. During heavy-lifts, the calculated emission factors were approximately eight times higher for particle number and 20-30 times higher for particle mass, when compared to emission factors obtained from road-driving. The particle number size distribution of exhaust was typically dominated by soot mode mostly in sub-100 nanometer particle size range. However, the exhaust particle concentrations varied significantly, depending on driving parameters and engine loading. The differences in emission factors and size distributions between the diluter setups were very small. The particulate mass consisted mostly of BC and organic compounds, but also small traces of sulphates and nitrates were detected during road-driving.
U2 - 10.4271/2020-01-2204
DO - 10.4271/2020-01-2204
M3 - Conference contribution
AN - SCOPUS:85092714658
T3 - SAE Technical Papers
BT - SAE International 2020 Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting
PB - SAE International
T2 - SAE International Powertrains, Fuels and Lubricants Meeting
Y2 - 22 September 2020 through 24 September 2020
ER -