@article{f377313750304a2fbb1ffe80980bc5ce,
title = "Characterization of signal kinetics in real time surgical tissue classification system",
abstract = "Effective surgical margin assessment is paramount for good oncological outcomes and new methods are in active development. One emerging approach is the analysis of the chemical composition of surgical smoke from tissues. Surgical smoke is typically removed with a smoke evacuator to protect the operating room staff from its harmful effects to the respiratory system. Thus, analysis of the evacuated smoke without disturbing the operation is a feasible approach. Smoke transportation is subject to lags that affect system usability. We analyzed the smoke transportation delay and evaluated its effects to tissue classification with differential mobility spectrometry in a simulated setting using porcine tissues. With a typical smoke evacuator setting, the front of the surgical plume reaches the analysis system in 380 ms and the sensor within one second. For a typical surgical incision (duration 1.5 s), the measured signal reaches its maximum in 2.3 s and declines to under 10% of the maximum in 8.6 s from the start of the incision. Two-class tissue classification was tested with 2, 3, 5, and 11 s repetition rates resulting in no significant differences in classification accuracy, implicating that signal retention from previous samples is mitigated by the classification algorithm.",
keywords = "Differential ion mobility spectrometry, Signal carry-over, Surgical margin analysis, Tissue classification",
author = "Markus Karjalainen and Anton Kontunen and Anna Anttalainen and Meri M{\"a}kel{\"a} and Soma Varga and Maiju Lepom{\"a}ki and Osmo Anttalainen and Pekka Kumpulainen and Niku Oksala and Antti Roine and Antti Vehkaoja",
note = "Funding Information: Markus Karjalainen declares funding from The Finnish Cultural Foundation, Pirkanmaa Regional Fund, Finland. Anton Kontunen declares funding from the Doctoral School of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, and Emil Aaltonen Foundation, Finland (Grant number 210073). Maiju Lepom?ki declares funding from the Doctoral School of Tampere University, the Finnish Medical Foundation (Grant numbers 2167, 4038), and Cancer Foundation of Finland. Niku Oksala declares funding from Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of Tampere University Hospital, Finland (Grant numbers 9s045, 9T044, 9U042, 150618, 9V044, 9??040, 9AA057, 9AB052 and MK301); from Competitive funding to strengthen university research profiles funded by Academy of Finland, Finland, decision number 292477; and from Tampereen Tuberkuloosis??ti? (Tampere Tuberculosis Foundation). Olfactomics has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme, EU under grant agreements No 848682. The study sponsors did not have any involvement in the study design; collection, analysis, and interpretation of data; the writing of the manuscript; or the decision to submit the manuscript for publication. Funding Information: Markus Karjalainen declares funding from The Finnish Cultural Foundation , Pirkanmaa Regional Fund , Finland. Anton Kontunen declares funding from the Doctoral School of the Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University , and Emil Aaltonen Foundation, Finland (Grant number 210073 ). Maiju Lepom{\"a}ki declares funding from the Doctoral School of Tampere University , the Finnish Medical Foundation (Grant numbers 2167 , 4038 ), and Cancer Foundation of Finland. Niku Oksala declares funding from Competitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of Tampere University Hospital , Finland (Grant numbers 9s045 , 9T044 , 9U042 , 150618 , 9V044 , 9 ×040 , 9AA057 , 9AB052 and MK301 ); from Competitive funding to strengthen university research profiles funded by Academy of Finland , Finland, decision number 292477 ; and from Tampereen Tuberkuloosis{\"a}{\"a}ti{\"o} (Tampere Tuberculosis Foundation). Olfactomics has received funding from the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme , EU under grant agreements No 848682 . Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Authors",
year = "2022",
month = aug,
day = "15",
doi = "10.1016/j.snb.2022.131902",
language = "English",
volume = "365",
journal = "Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical",
issn = "0925-4005",
publisher = "Elsevier Science",
}