Cold-Weather Profiling of Lithium-ion Cell Using Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization

Lithium-ion batteries are fundamental components in the powering of a wide range of industrial and consumer products. However, their performance declines significantly under cold climate conditions, such as those of the Nordic regions. Although various methods of battery performance modeling have been developed, studies related to battery modeling, which enhances thermal management in subzero temperature, have been limited. The present study addresses the performance characterization of lithium-ion batteries operating between -15 °C and 50 °C by pulse power capacity analysis and electrothermal modeling. Hybrid pulse power characterization tests, along with equivalent circuit modeling – specifically, the Rint, Thevenin, and dual polarization models – are applied to assess their predictive accuracy in cold environments. Experimental results based on a commercial cylindrical lithium-ion battery and the new European driving cycle test in an electric vehicle are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.