TY - JOUR
T1 - Cyclic carbonates as building blocks for non-isocyanate polyurethanes
AU - Kotanen, Soilikki
AU - Wirtanen, Tom
AU - Mahlberg, Riitta
AU - Anghelescu-Hakala, Adina
AU - Harjunalanen, Tapani
AU - Willberg-Keyrilainen, Pia
AU - Laaksonen, Timo
AU - Sarlin, Essi
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank Päivi Jokinen from Kiilto Oy for her support with the experiments, Atte Mikkelson from VTT for SEC analysis and Riina Paalijärvi and Antti Pasanen from VTT for TGA analysis. The work was carried out in parallel with the BECCU research project coordinated by the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd. with main funding from Business Finland (Funding decision number 3834/31/2019).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
PY - 2023
Y1 - 2023
N2 - Three different cyclic carbonates (ethylene, propylene, and butylene carbonate) that can be derived from CO2 were successfully polymerized with hexamethylenediamine to form non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) via self-polycondensation route without the use of harmful di-isocyanates. Three different catalysts were compared for their performance in self-polycondensation. Increasing the side chain length in cyclic carbonate increased the amount of urea side reaction and decreased the solubility of the final product. The increased amount of urea lead to a more thermoset behavior as the melting and decomposition took place simultaneously. Furthermore, the extent of urea side reaction and melting behavior were adjustable with the selection of the catalyst or polymerization parameters. With ethylene and propylene carbonate based precursors, it was possible to obtain promising melting temperatures and lap shear strength for the NIPUs when optimized polymerization parameters and catalyst were used.
AB - Three different cyclic carbonates (ethylene, propylene, and butylene carbonate) that can be derived from CO2 were successfully polymerized with hexamethylenediamine to form non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs) via self-polycondensation route without the use of harmful di-isocyanates. Three different catalysts were compared for their performance in self-polycondensation. Increasing the side chain length in cyclic carbonate increased the amount of urea side reaction and decreased the solubility of the final product. The increased amount of urea lead to a more thermoset behavior as the melting and decomposition took place simultaneously. Furthermore, the extent of urea side reaction and melting behavior were adjustable with the selection of the catalyst or polymerization parameters. With ethylene and propylene carbonate based precursors, it was possible to obtain promising melting temperatures and lap shear strength for the NIPUs when optimized polymerization parameters and catalyst were used.
KW - cyclic carbonate
KW - non-isocyanate polyurethane
KW - self-polycondensation
KW - urea
U2 - 10.1002/app.53964
DO - 10.1002/app.53964
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85153362263
SN - 0021-8995
VL - 140
JO - Journal of Applied Polymer Science
JF - Journal of Applied Polymer Science
IS - 24
M1 - e53964
ER -