Deterministic and Probabilistic Risk Management Methods in Construction Projects: A Systematic Literature Review and Comparative Analysis

Risks and uncertainties are inevitable in construction projects, and can drastically change the expected outcome, and negatively impact the project's success. However, Risk Management (RM) is still conducted in a manual, ineffective, and experience-based fashion in practice, hindering automation and knowledge transfer to upcoming projects. The Construction industry is recently benefitting from Industry 4.0 revolution and the advancements of Data Science branches such as Artificial Intelligence (AI). This shifts the construction management processes towards digitalization and optimization. Data-driven methods, such as AI and Machine Learning algorithms, Bayesian Inference, and Fuzzy Logic, seem to be a decent solution to RM domain shortcomings and automating and optimizing the RM processes, which are being widely explored recently. These methods are divided into deterministic and probabilistic models, the first of which proposes a fixed predicted value, and the latter, embraces the notion of uncertainty, causal dependencies, and inferences between variables affecting projects' risk when proposing a predicted value. This research uses a systematic literature review to investigate and then comparatively analyse the main deterministic and probabilistic methods applied to Risk Management in the construction industry in respect of each method's specific scope, primary applications, advantages, disadvantages, method limitations, and proven accuracy. The findings will establish the recommendations for optimum AI-based methods and frameworks for different management levels- Strategic, Operational Project Management, and for large or small datasets.