Nanocluster Aerosol Emissions of a 3D Printer

Mikko Poikkimäki; Ville Koljonen; Niko Leskinen; Mikko Närhi; Oskari Kangasniemi; Oskari Kausiala; Miikka Dal Maso

doi:10.1021/acs.est.9b05317

Nanocluster Aerosol Emissions of a 3D Printer

Mikko Poikkimäki^*
, Ville Koljonen
, Niko Leskinen
, Mikko Närhi
, Oskari Kangasniemi
, Oskari Kausiala
, Miikka Dal Maso

^*Tämän työn vastaava kirjoittaja

Tutkimustuotos: Artikkeli › Tieteellinen › vertaisarvioitu

39 Sitaatiot (Scopus)

94 Lataukset (Pure)

Abstrakti

Many studies exist that characterize the aerosol emissions from fused filament fabrication three-dimensional (3D) printers. However, nanocluster aerosol (NCA) particles, that is particles in a size range under 3 nm, are rarely studied. The purpose of this study was to characterize the NCA emissions and the contribution of NCA to the total particle number emissions from a 3D printer. We used a particle size magnifier and a scanning mobility particle sizer to measure the time evolution of particle size distribution, which was used to calculate the average NCA emission rates during a printer operation in a chamber. The NCA emission rates ranged from 1.4 × 10⁶ to 7.3 × 10⁹ s^-1 depending on the applied combination of filament material and nozzle temperature, showing increasing emission with increasing temperature. The NCA emissions constitute from 9 to 48% of the total emissions, that is, almost half of the particle emissions may have been previously neglected. Therefore, it is essential to include the low NCA size range in, for example, future 3D-printer-testing protocols, emission measurement standards, and risk management measures.

Alkuperäiskieli	Englanti
Sivut	13618−13628
Sivumäärä	11
Julkaisu	Environmental Science and Technology
Vuosikerta	53
Numero	23
DOI - pysyväislinkit	https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b05317
Tila	Julkaistu - 7 marrask. 2019
OKM-julkaisutyyppi	A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä

Rahoitus

We would like to thank Dr. Luis Mendes and Prof. Katrianne Lehtipalo at University of Helsinki and Dr. Anna-Kaisa Viitanen at Finnish Institute of Occupational Health for sharing the PSM number concentration data presented in Figure 2 of Mendes et al. (34) as well as the raw concentration data. This allowed the calculation of average NCA number concentrations and NCA fractions as a comparison to the results presented in this paper ( Table 1 ). The authors thank Airmodus Ltd for the nCNC A11 instrumentation employed in this study and for the help provided with the analysis of the PSM calibration data (Elina Miettinen and Dr. Joonas Vanhanen). We thank Prof. Jorma Keskinen for useful discussions. The authors acknowledge Tampere University Graduate School and the Maj and Tor Nessling Foundation (Grant no. 201700520) for financial support.

Julkaisufoorumi-taso

Jufo-taso 2

!!ASJC Scopus subject areas

Yleinen kemia
Environmental Chemistry

Pääsy asiakirjaan

10.1021/acs.est.9b05317

Nanocluster Aerosol Emissions of a 3D Printer 2019
This publication is copyrighted. You may download, display and print it for Your own personal use. Commercial use is prohibited.
Accepted author manuscript, 939 KB

http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:tuni-201912317151

Nanocluster aerosol emissions of a 3D printer: the effect of nozzle temperature and filament material
Poikkimäki, M. (Speaker)
5 maalisk. 2019
Aktiviteetti: Konferenssiesitelmä
Nanocluster aerosol emissions of a 3D printer: the effect of nozzle temperature and filament material
Poikkimäki, M. (Speaker)
20 kesäk. 2018
Aktiviteetti: Konferenssiesitelmä

Nanocluster aerosol emissions of a 3D printer: the effect of nozzle temperature and filament material
Poikkimäki, M., Koljonen, V., Närhi, M., Kangasniemi, O., Kausiala, O., Leskinen, N. & Dal Maso, M., 5 maalisk. 2019.
Tutkimustuotos: Muu konferenssimateriaali › Abstrakti › Tieteellinen

Open access
Nanocluster aerosol emissions of a 3D printer: the effect of nozzle temperature and filament material (WM3-02)
Poikkimäki, M., Koljonen, V., Närhi, M., Kangasniemi, O., Kausiala, O., Leskinen, N. & Dal Maso, M., 20 kesäk. 2018.
Tutkimustuotos: Muu konferenssimateriaali › Abstrakti › Tieteellinen

Siteeraa tätä

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title = "Nanocluster Aerosol Emissions of a 3D Printer",

abstract = "Many studies exist that characterize the aerosol emissions from fused filament fabrication three-dimensional (3D) printers. However, nanocluster aerosol (NCA) particles, that is particles in a size range under 3 nm, are rarely studied. The purpose of this study was to characterize the NCA emissions and the contribution of NCA to the total particle number emissions from a 3D printer. We used a particle size magnifier and a scanning mobility particle sizer to measure the time evolution of particle size distribution, which was used to calculate the average NCA emission rates during a printer operation in a chamber. The NCA emission rates ranged from 1.4 × 106 to 7.3 × 109 s-1 depending on the applied combination of filament material and nozzle temperature, showing increasing emission with increasing temperature. The NCA emissions constitute from 9 to 48\% of the total emissions, that is, almost half of the particle emissions may have been previously neglected. Therefore, it is essential to include the low NCA size range in, for example, future 3D-printer-testing protocols, emission measurement standards, and risk management measures.",

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AU - Poikkimäki, Mikko

AU - Koljonen, Ville

AU - Leskinen, Niko

AU - Närhi, Mikko

AU - Kangasniemi, Oskari

AU - Kausiala, Oskari

AU - Dal Maso, Miikka

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N2 - Many studies exist that characterize the aerosol emissions from fused filament fabrication three-dimensional (3D) printers. However, nanocluster aerosol (NCA) particles, that is particles in a size range under 3 nm, are rarely studied. The purpose of this study was to characterize the NCA emissions and the contribution of NCA to the total particle number emissions from a 3D printer. We used a particle size magnifier and a scanning mobility particle sizer to measure the time evolution of particle size distribution, which was used to calculate the average NCA emission rates during a printer operation in a chamber. The NCA emission rates ranged from 1.4 × 106 to 7.3 × 109 s-1 depending on the applied combination of filament material and nozzle temperature, showing increasing emission with increasing temperature. The NCA emissions constitute from 9 to 48% of the total emissions, that is, almost half of the particle emissions may have been previously neglected. Therefore, it is essential to include the low NCA size range in, for example, future 3D-printer-testing protocols, emission measurement standards, and risk management measures.

AB - Many studies exist that characterize the aerosol emissions from fused filament fabrication three-dimensional (3D) printers. However, nanocluster aerosol (NCA) particles, that is particles in a size range under 3 nm, are rarely studied. The purpose of this study was to characterize the NCA emissions and the contribution of NCA to the total particle number emissions from a 3D printer. We used a particle size magnifier and a scanning mobility particle sizer to measure the time evolution of particle size distribution, which was used to calculate the average NCA emission rates during a printer operation in a chamber. The NCA emission rates ranged from 1.4 × 106 to 7.3 × 109 s-1 depending on the applied combination of filament material and nozzle temperature, showing increasing emission with increasing temperature. The NCA emissions constitute from 9 to 48% of the total emissions, that is, almost half of the particle emissions may have been previously neglected. Therefore, it is essential to include the low NCA size range in, for example, future 3D-printer-testing protocols, emission measurement standards, and risk management measures.

U2 - 10.1021/acs.est.9b05317

DO - 10.1021/acs.est.9b05317

M3 - Article

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AN - SCOPUS:85075430658

SN - 1520-5851

VL - 53

SP - 13618−13628

JO - Environmental Science and Technology

JF - Environmental Science and Technology

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ER -

Nanocluster Aerosol Emissions of a 3D Printer

Abstrakti

Rahoitus

Julkaisufoorumi-taso

!!ASJC Scopus subject areas

Pääsy asiakirjaan

Sormenjälki

Aktiviteetit

Nanocluster aerosol emissions of a 3D printer: the effect of nozzle temperature and filament material

Nanocluster aerosol emissions of a 3D printer: the effect of nozzle temperature and filament material

Tutkimustuotos

Nanocluster aerosol emissions of a 3D printer: the effect of nozzle temperature and filament material

Nanocluster aerosol emissions of a 3D printer: the effect of nozzle temperature and filament material (WM3-02)

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