Rapid and Practical Impedance Measurement Technique for Health and Condition Monitoring of Solid-Oxide-Cells (SOC) Under Dynamic Operating Conditions

Power-to-X (P2X) technologies have emerged as a crucial approach for converting surplus renewable electricity into storable and usable energy. One of the most promising applications of this concept is hydrogen production via electrolysis, where excess renewable energy is used to split water into hydrogen and oxygen [1-3]. Among the most efficient technologies enabling this conversion are high-temperature solid oxide cells (SOC)—versatile systems that operate in dual modes: as solid oxide electrolysis cells (SOEC) for hydrogen production and solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) for converting hydrogen back into electricity [4]. This bidirectional functionality makes SOCs particularly well-suited for integrating renewable energy into the power grid, providing an efficient solution for both energy storage and electricity generation. By 2030, SOECs are expected to lead the electrolysis industry due to their high electrical efficiency, lower material costs, and ability to function as both fuel cells and electrolysis cells.