@article{6063ffc7bb6d44af8c854b2f3d2af023,
title = "Reusable radiochromic hackmanite with gamma exposure memory",
abstract = "Radiochromic films are used as position-sensitive dose meters in e.g. medical physics and radiation processing. The currently available films like those based on lithium-10,12-pentacosdiynoate or leucomalachite green are either toxic or non-reusable, or both. There is thus a great need for a sustainable solution for radiochromic detection. In the present work, we present a suitable candidate: hackmanite with the general formula Na8Al6Si6O24(Cl,S)2. This material is known as a natural intelligent material capable of changing color when exposed to ultraviolet radiation or X-rays. Here, we show for the first time that hackmanites are also radiochromic when exposed to alpha particles, beta particles (positrons) or gamma radiation. Combining experimental and computational data we elucidate the mechanism of gamma-induced radiochromism in hackmanites. We show that hackmanites can be used for gamma dose mapping in high dose applications as well as a memory material that has the one-of-a-kind ability to remember earlier gamma exposure. In addition to satisfying the requirements of sustainability, hackmanites are non-toxic and the films made of hackmanite are reusable thus showing great potential to replace the currently available radiochromic films.",
author = "Sami Vuori and Pauline Colinet and Juha-Pekka Lehti{\"o} and Arnaud Lemiere and Isabella Norrbo and Micael Granstr{\"o}m and Jari Konu and G{\"o}ran {\AA}gren and Pekka Laukkanen and Laeticia Petit and Airaksinen, {Anu J.} and {van Goethem}, Ludo and {Le Bahers}, Tangui and Mika Lastusaari",
note = "Funding Information: The authors thank Dr Jussi Huikari (STUK - Finnish Radiation and Nuclear Safety authority) for the Co-60 irradiation used to test dosimetric performance. Niklas Br{\"a}nnstr{\"o}m (FOI - Swedish Defence Research Agency) is acknowledged for initiating the preliminary irradiation tests. This work made use of Tampere Microscopy Center facilities at Tampere University. Turkka Salminen (Tampere University, Finland) is acknowledged for the help on Raman measurements. SV and ML thank Business Finland (project #6479/31/2019) for funding. TLB and PC thank the French agency ANR (TeneMod project ANR-17-CE29-0007-21) for financial support. They also thank AXELERA P{\^o}le de Comp{\'e}titivit{\'e} for financial support via the SYSPROD project (PSMN Data Center). LP and AL thank Academy of Finland (Flagship Programme, Photonics Research and Innovation PREIN-320165). Johan Rajander (Accelerator Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, {\AA}bo Akademi University, Turku, Finland) is acknowledged for providing fluorine-18 for the experiments. This work was granted access to the HPC resources of CINES, IDRIS and TGCC under the allocation 2018-080609 made by GENCI. Dr Robin De Meyer and Dr Nick Schrijvers from EMAT, Antwerp University, are acknowledged for the EDX measurements. Funding Information: The authors thank Dr Jussi Huikari (STUK – Finnish Radiation and Nuclear Safety authority) for the Co-60 irradiation used to test dosimetric performance. Niklas Br{\"a}nnstr{\"o}m (FOI – Swedish Defence Research Agency) is acknowledged for initiating the preliminary irradiation tests. This work made use of Tampere Microscopy Center facilities at Tampere University. Turkka Salminen (Tampere University, Finland) is acknowledged for the help on Raman measurements. SV and ML thank Business Finland (project #6479/31/2019) for funding. TLB and PC thank the French agency ANR (TeneMod project ANR-17-CE29-0007-21) for financial support. They also thank AXELERA P{\^o}le de Comp{\'e}titivit{\'e} for financial support via the SYSPROD project (PSMN Data Center). LP and AL thank Academy of Finland (Flagship Programme, Photonics Research and Innovation PREIN-320165). Johan Rajander (Accelerator Laboratory, Turku PET Centre, {\AA}bo Akademi University, Turku, Finland) is acknowledged for providing fluorine-18 for the experiments. This work was granted access to the HPC resources of CINES, IDRIS and TGCC under the allocation 2018-080609 made by GENCI. Dr Robin De Meyer and Dr Nick Schrijvers from EMAT, Antwerp University, are acknowledged for the EDX measurements. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2022 The Royal Society of Chemistry.",
year = "2022",
month = sep,
day = "7",
doi = "10.1039/d2mh00593j",
language = "English",
volume = "9",
pages = "2773--2784",
number = "11",
}