Safety architectures for cyber-physical systems: review of state-of-the-art and outlook for heavy duty mobile machinery

At present, design methods ensuring adherence to minimum requirements for safety integrated in highly-automated heavy-duty mobile machinery (HDMM) are not yet developed. Moreover, the literature addressing adoption of emerging safety requirements in HDMM is rather scarce. This paper attempts to find guidance in the literature from other domains related to HDMM, such as mobile robots and automotive vehicles. We performed a systematic mapping study of the state-of-the-art in these domains and propose a recommendation for the HDMM industry. The current trend is to integrate safety through a separate monitoring layer encompassing intricate fault handling modules. The literature we reviewed does not sufficiently consider conformance requirements to EU health and safety guidelines. This limits emerging safety solutions transferability to industry and inhibits market placement of highly-automated HDMM.
There exists a gap between advances made in academia and its application in an industrial setting brought on by misalignment between proposed safety rolutions and EU health and safety guidelines. We attest that a transfer of knowledge between academia and industry along with the development of new safety guidelines for highly-automated HDMM could bring proposed safety-solutions in line with EU health and safety guidelines.