Shipping Remains a Globally Significant Source of Anthropogenic PN Emissions Even after 2020 Sulfur Regulation

Niina Kuittinen; Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen; Jenni Alanen; Leonidas Ntziachristos; Hanna Hannuniemi; Lasse Johansson; Panu Karjalainen; Erkka Saukko; Mia Isotalo; Päivi Aakko-Saksa; Kati Lehtoranta; Jorma Keskinen; Pauli Simonen; Sanna Saarikoski; Eija Asmi; Tuomas Laurila; Risto Hillamo; Fanni Mylläri; Heikki Lihavainen; Hilkka Timonen; Topi Rönkkö

doi:10.1021/acs.est.0c03627

Shipping Remains a Globally Significant Source of Anthropogenic PN Emissions Even after 2020 Sulfur Regulation

Niina Kuittinen, Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen, Jenni Alanen, Leonidas Ntziachristos, Hanna Hannuniemi, Lasse Johansson, Panu Karjalainen, Erkka Saukko, Mia Isotalo, Päivi Aakko-Saksa, Kati Lehtoranta, Jorma Keskinen, Pauli Simonen, Sanna Saarikoski, Eija Asmi, Tuomas Laurila, Risto Hillamo, Fanni Mylläri, Heikki Lihavainen, Hilkka TimonenTopi Rönkkö

Fysiikka

Tutkimustuotos: Artikkeli › Tieteellinen › vertaisarvioitu

50 Sitaatiot (Scopus)

33 Lataukset (Pure)

Abstrakti

Shipping is the main source of anthropogenic particle emissions in large areas of the globe, influencing climate, air quality, and human health in open seas and coast lines. Here, we determined, by laboratory and on-board measurements of ship engine exhaust, fuel-specific particle number (PN) emissions for different fuels and desulfurization applied in shipping. The emission factors were compared to ship exhaust plume observations and, furthermore, exploited in the assessment of global PN emissions from shipping, utilizing the STEAM ship emission model. The results indicate that most particles in the fresh ship engine exhaust are in ultrafine particle size range. Shipping PN emissions are localized, especially close to coastal lines, but significant emissions also exist on open seas and oceans. The global annual PN produced by marine shipping was 1.2 × 1028 (±0.34 × 1028) particles in 2016, thus being of the same magnitude with total anthropogenic PN emissions in continental areas. The reduction potential of PN from shipping strongly depends on the adopted technology mix, and except wide adoption of natural gas or scrubbers, no significant decrease in global PN is expected if heavy fuel oil is mainly replaced by low sulfur residual fuels. The results imply that shipping remains as a significant source of anthropogenic PN emissions that should be considered in future climate and health impact models.

Alkuperäiskieli	Englanti
Sivut	129–138
Sivumäärä	10
Julkaisu	Environmental Science and Technology
Vuosikerta	55
Numero	1
Varhainen verkossa julkaisun päivämäärä	8 jouluk. 2020
DOI - pysyväislinkit	https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c03627
Tila	Julkaistu - 2021
OKM-julkaisutyyppi	A1 Alkuperäisartikkeli tieteellisessä aikakauslehdessä

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10.1021/acs.est.0c03627

Shipping_remains_a_globally_significant_2020
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Accepted author manuscript, 694 KBLisenssi: Unspecified

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Kuittinen, N., Jalkanen, J.-P., Alanen, J., Ntziachristos, L., Hannuniemi, H., Johansson, L., Karjalainen, P., Saukko, E., Isotalo, M., Aakko-Saksa, P., Lehtoranta, K., Keskinen, J., Simonen, P., Saarikoski, S., Asmi, E., Laurila, T., Hillamo, R., Mylläri, F., Lihavainen, H., ... Rönkkö, T. (2021). Shipping Remains a Globally Significant Source of Anthropogenic PN Emissions Even after 2020 Sulfur Regulation. Environmental Science and Technology, 55(1), 129–138. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c03627

@article{1bb19bc603274b48bf69beabba579341,

title = "Shipping Remains a Globally Significant Source of Anthropogenic PN Emissions Even after 2020 Sulfur Regulation",

abstract = "Shipping is the main source of anthropogenic particle emissions in large areas of the globe, influencing climate, air quality, and human health in open seas and coast lines. Here, we determined, by laboratory and on-board measurements of ship engine exhaust, fuel-specific particle number (PN) emissions for different fuels and desulfurization applied in shipping. The emission factors were compared to ship exhaust plume observations and, furthermore, exploited in the assessment of global PN emissions from shipping, utilizing the STEAM ship emission model. The results indicate that most particles in the fresh ship engine exhaust are in ultrafine particle size range. Shipping PN emissions are localized, especially close to coastal lines, but significant emissions also exist on open seas and oceans. The global annual PN produced by marine shipping was 1.2 × 1028 (±0.34 × 1028) particles in 2016, thus being of the same magnitude with total anthropogenic PN emissions in continental areas. The reduction potential of PN from shipping strongly depends on the adopted technology mix, and except wide adoption of natural gas or scrubbers, no significant decrease in global PN is expected if heavy fuel oil is mainly replaced by low sulfur residual fuels. The results imply that shipping remains as a significant source of anthropogenic PN emissions that should be considered in future climate and health impact models.",

author = "Niina Kuittinen and Jukka-Pekka Jalkanen and Jenni Alanen and Leonidas Ntziachristos and Hanna Hannuniemi and Lasse Johansson and Panu Karjalainen and Erkka Saukko and Mia Isotalo and P{\"a}ivi Aakko-Saksa and Kati Lehtoranta and Jorma Keskinen and Pauli Simonen and Sanna Saarikoski and Eija Asmi and Tuomas Laurila and Risto Hillamo and Fanni Myll{\"a}ri and Heikki Lihavainen and Hilkka Timonen and Topi R{\"o}nkk{\"o}",

year = "2021",

doi = "10.1021/acs.est.0c03627",

language = "English",

volume = "55",

pages = "129–138",

journal = "Environmental Science and Technology",

issn = "0013-936X",

publisher = "American Chemical Society",

number = "1",

}

Kuittinen, N, Jalkanen, J-P, Alanen, J, Ntziachristos, L, Hannuniemi, H, Johansson, L, Karjalainen, P, Saukko, E, Isotalo, M, Aakko-Saksa, P, Lehtoranta, K, Keskinen, J , Simonen, P, Saarikoski, S, Asmi, E, Laurila, T, Hillamo, R, Mylläri, F, Lihavainen, H, Timonen, H & Rönkkö, T 2021, 'Shipping Remains a Globally Significant Source of Anthropogenic PN Emissions Even after 2020 Sulfur Regulation', Environmental Science and Technology, Vuosikerta 55, Nro 1, Sivut 129–138. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.0c03627

TY - JOUR

T1 - Shipping Remains a Globally Significant Source of Anthropogenic PN Emissions Even after 2020 Sulfur Regulation

AU - Kuittinen, Niina

AU - Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka

AU - Alanen, Jenni

AU - Ntziachristos, Leonidas

AU - Hannuniemi, Hanna

AU - Johansson, Lasse

AU - Karjalainen, Panu

AU - Saukko, Erkka

AU - Isotalo, Mia

AU - Aakko-Saksa, Päivi

AU - Lehtoranta, Kati

AU - Keskinen, Jorma

AU - Simonen, Pauli

AU - Saarikoski, Sanna

AU - Asmi, Eija

AU - Laurila, Tuomas

AU - Hillamo, Risto

AU - Mylläri, Fanni

AU - Lihavainen, Heikki

AU - Timonen, Hilkka

AU - Rönkkö, Topi

PY - 2021

Y1 - 2021

N2 - Shipping is the main source of anthropogenic particle emissions in large areas of the globe, influencing climate, air quality, and human health in open seas and coast lines. Here, we determined, by laboratory and on-board measurements of ship engine exhaust, fuel-specific particle number (PN) emissions for different fuels and desulfurization applied in shipping. The emission factors were compared to ship exhaust plume observations and, furthermore, exploited in the assessment of global PN emissions from shipping, utilizing the STEAM ship emission model. The results indicate that most particles in the fresh ship engine exhaust are in ultrafine particle size range. Shipping PN emissions are localized, especially close to coastal lines, but significant emissions also exist on open seas and oceans. The global annual PN produced by marine shipping was 1.2 × 1028 (±0.34 × 1028) particles in 2016, thus being of the same magnitude with total anthropogenic PN emissions in continental areas. The reduction potential of PN from shipping strongly depends on the adopted technology mix, and except wide adoption of natural gas or scrubbers, no significant decrease in global PN is expected if heavy fuel oil is mainly replaced by low sulfur residual fuels. The results imply that shipping remains as a significant source of anthropogenic PN emissions that should be considered in future climate and health impact models.

AB - Shipping is the main source of anthropogenic particle emissions in large areas of the globe, influencing climate, air quality, and human health in open seas and coast lines. Here, we determined, by laboratory and on-board measurements of ship engine exhaust, fuel-specific particle number (PN) emissions for different fuels and desulfurization applied in shipping. The emission factors were compared to ship exhaust plume observations and, furthermore, exploited in the assessment of global PN emissions from shipping, utilizing the STEAM ship emission model. The results indicate that most particles in the fresh ship engine exhaust are in ultrafine particle size range. Shipping PN emissions are localized, especially close to coastal lines, but significant emissions also exist on open seas and oceans. The global annual PN produced by marine shipping was 1.2 × 1028 (±0.34 × 1028) particles in 2016, thus being of the same magnitude with total anthropogenic PN emissions in continental areas. The reduction potential of PN from shipping strongly depends on the adopted technology mix, and except wide adoption of natural gas or scrubbers, no significant decrease in global PN is expected if heavy fuel oil is mainly replaced by low sulfur residual fuels. The results imply that shipping remains as a significant source of anthropogenic PN emissions that should be considered in future climate and health impact models.

U2 - 10.1021/acs.est.0c03627

DO - 10.1021/acs.est.0c03627

M3 - Article

SN - 0013-936X

VL - 55

SP - 129

EP - 138

JO - Environmental Science and Technology

JF - Environmental Science and Technology

IS - 1

ER -

Shipping Remains a Globally Significant Source of Anthropogenic PN Emissions Even after 2020 Sulfur Regulation

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