TY - BOOK
T1 - Signs of Painting, Acts of Art
T2 - Semiotics of Artistic Becoming
AU - Sabel, Jarmo
PY - 2026
Y1 - 2026
N2 - Artists’ learning and decision-making during painting are central to the development of artistic expertise, yet they have rarely been examined as semiotic dimensions of artistic becoming. This dissertation examines artistic becoming through Peircean semiotics in fine-art painting. Its particular focus is the relation between the artist’s semiotic world and the semiotic world of the finished artwork.
Situated at the intersection of learning sciences, semiotics, and painting practice, the dissertation asks, first, what the semiotic worlds of reflective practice and finished artworks reveal about artistic creativity and learning and, second, how these worlds converge or diverge in shaping artistic becoming. The study argues that artistic becoming is best understood not primarily as stylistic change or as a function of external validation by institutions and professional gatekeepers, but as the artist’s own semiotically organized development of perception, action, and meaning over time.
The study adopts analytic autoethnography as its methodological approach. The empirical corpus consists of twelve focal paintings selected from twelve painting series produced by the author–researcher over a five-year period of sustained professional practice and advanced artistic training. The materials include anticipatory plans, in-process notes, post-session memos, process photographs, intermediate states, and finished artworks. Together, these materials make it possible to reconstruct and compare two analytically distinct but interrelated semiotic worlds: World A, the artist’s reflective practice, and World B, the artwork’s semiotic organization.
The analytical framework combines three components. First, Peirce’s phenomenological categories—Firstness, Secondness, and Thirdness—together with the ten-class sign taxonomy, which serves as the primary coding framework for sign episodes in both practice and artworks. Second, Husserl’s image triad—Bildding (Image Thing), Bildobjekt (Image Object), and Bildsujet (Image Subject)—is used to describe the artwork as a layered semiotic object composed of material substrate, depictive organization, and represented subject matter. Third, drawing on and adapting Magariños de Morentin’s concept of iconopoiesis, the study operationalizes image-making through the poles Abstract–Figurative–Conceptual in order to locate representational tendencies without reducing works to fixed stylistic categories. The development of these three dimensions is further informed by three works by Helene Schjerfbeck, which serve as key theoretical points of reference in the study. The core analytical strategy is cross-mapping between the artist’s world and the artwork’s world in order to identify convergence, divergence, and developmental movement.
The findings show that creativity and learning in painting can be modeled as recurrent semiotic transitions. In the artist’s reflective practice, decision episodes often move from qualitative possibilities (Firstness), through encounter, resistance, and adjustment (Secondness), toward stabilization in procedures, habits, and compositional laws (Thirdness). Across the corpus, learning is visible in the consolidation of micro-rules, the transfer of procedures across themes, and the increasing role of metacognitive checks in reducing late-stage corrections. Creativity is especially visible in productive divergences, where surprise, material resistance, or emergent affordances redirect the work and generate new interpretants that later become reusable procedures.
Comparison between the two semiotic worlds indicates that finished artworks tend to compress and stabilize Thirdness more tightly than the fluid and exploratory world of practice. At the same time, the artworks preserve zones of Firstness—qualitative ambiguity, openness, and intensity—that appear crucial for novelty and aesthetic vitality. On this basis, the dissertation develops a model of painting semiosis that links reflective decision-making to the material, organizational, and representational structures of the artwork. The study contributes an empirical operationalization of Peircean semiotics for painting, a structured method for analytic autoethnography in studio research, and a semiotically articulated account of artistic becoming as expertise development. It also offers pedagogical implications for studio teaching and critique by showing how artist-side reflection and artwork-side evidence can be systematically related in the development of artistic expertise.
AB - Artists’ learning and decision-making during painting are central to the development of artistic expertise, yet they have rarely been examined as semiotic dimensions of artistic becoming. This dissertation examines artistic becoming through Peircean semiotics in fine-art painting. Its particular focus is the relation between the artist’s semiotic world and the semiotic world of the finished artwork.
Situated at the intersection of learning sciences, semiotics, and painting practice, the dissertation asks, first, what the semiotic worlds of reflective practice and finished artworks reveal about artistic creativity and learning and, second, how these worlds converge or diverge in shaping artistic becoming. The study argues that artistic becoming is best understood not primarily as stylistic change or as a function of external validation by institutions and professional gatekeepers, but as the artist’s own semiotically organized development of perception, action, and meaning over time.
The study adopts analytic autoethnography as its methodological approach. The empirical corpus consists of twelve focal paintings selected from twelve painting series produced by the author–researcher over a five-year period of sustained professional practice and advanced artistic training. The materials include anticipatory plans, in-process notes, post-session memos, process photographs, intermediate states, and finished artworks. Together, these materials make it possible to reconstruct and compare two analytically distinct but interrelated semiotic worlds: World A, the artist’s reflective practice, and World B, the artwork’s semiotic organization.
The analytical framework combines three components. First, Peirce’s phenomenological categories—Firstness, Secondness, and Thirdness—together with the ten-class sign taxonomy, which serves as the primary coding framework for sign episodes in both practice and artworks. Second, Husserl’s image triad—Bildding (Image Thing), Bildobjekt (Image Object), and Bildsujet (Image Subject)—is used to describe the artwork as a layered semiotic object composed of material substrate, depictive organization, and represented subject matter. Third, drawing on and adapting Magariños de Morentin’s concept of iconopoiesis, the study operationalizes image-making through the poles Abstract–Figurative–Conceptual in order to locate representational tendencies without reducing works to fixed stylistic categories. The development of these three dimensions is further informed by three works by Helene Schjerfbeck, which serve as key theoretical points of reference in the study. The core analytical strategy is cross-mapping between the artist’s world and the artwork’s world in order to identify convergence, divergence, and developmental movement.
The findings show that creativity and learning in painting can be modeled as recurrent semiotic transitions. In the artist’s reflective practice, decision episodes often move from qualitative possibilities (Firstness), through encounter, resistance, and adjustment (Secondness), toward stabilization in procedures, habits, and compositional laws (Thirdness). Across the corpus, learning is visible in the consolidation of micro-rules, the transfer of procedures across themes, and the increasing role of metacognitive checks in reducing late-stage corrections. Creativity is especially visible in productive divergences, where surprise, material resistance, or emergent affordances redirect the work and generate new interpretants that later become reusable procedures.
Comparison between the two semiotic worlds indicates that finished artworks tend to compress and stabilize Thirdness more tightly than the fluid and exploratory world of practice. At the same time, the artworks preserve zones of Firstness—qualitative ambiguity, openness, and intensity—that appear crucial for novelty and aesthetic vitality. On this basis, the dissertation develops a model of painting semiosis that links reflective decision-making to the material, organizational, and representational structures of the artwork. The study contributes an empirical operationalization of Peircean semiotics for painting, a structured method for analytic autoethnography in studio research, and a semiotically articulated account of artistic becoming as expertise development. It also offers pedagogical implications for studio teaching and critique by showing how artist-side reflection and artwork-side evidence can be systematically related in the development of artistic expertise.
M3 - Doctoral thesis
SN - 978-952-03-4536-5
T3 - Tampere University Dissertations - Tampereen yliopiston väitöskirjat
BT - Signs of Painting, Acts of Art
PB - Tampere University
CY - Tampere
ER -