Social functioning in adults born very preterm: Individual participant meta-analysis

CONTEXT: There is a lack of research on individual perceptions of social experiences and social relationships among very preterm (VP) adults compared with term-born peers. OBJECTIVE: To investigate self-perceived social functioning in adults born VP (<32 weeks’ gestation) and/or with very low birth weight (VLBW) (<1500g) compared with term-born adults ($37 weeks’ gestation) using an individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis. DATA SOURCES: Two international consortia: Research on European Children and Adults born Preterm and Adults Born Preterm International Collaboration. STUDY SELECTION: Cohorts with outcomes assessed by using the Adult Self-Report Adaptive Functioning scales (friends, spouse/partner, family, job, and education) in both groups. DATA EXTRACTION: IPD from 5 eligible cohorts were collected. Raw-sum scores for each scale were standardized as z scores by using mean and SD of controls for each cohort. Pooled effect size was measured by difference (D) in means between groups. RESULTS: One-stage analyses (1285 participants) revealed significantly lower scores for relationships with friends in VP/VLBW adults compared with controls (D -0.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.61 to -0.13). Differences were similar after adjusting for sex, age, and socioeconomic status (D -0.39, 95% CI: -0.63 to -0.15) and after excluding participants with neurosensory impairment (D -0.34, 95% CI: -0.61 to -0.07). No significant differences were found in other domains. LIMITATIONS: Generalizability of research findings to VP survivors born in recent decades. CONCLUSIONS: VP/VLBW adults scored their relationship with friends lower but perceived their family and partner relationships, as well as work and educational experiences, as comparable to those of controls.