TY - JOUR
T1 - Sources of dietary gluten in the first two years of life and associations with celiac disease autoimmunity and celiac disease in Swedish genetically predisposed children
T2 - The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) study
AU - TEDDY Study Group
AU - Segerstad, Elin M Hård Af
AU - Liu, Xiang
AU - Uusitalo, Ulla
AU - Agardh, Daniel
AU - Aronsson, Carin Andrén
AU - Virtanen, Suvi
AU - Hyöty, Heikki
AU - Kurppa, Kalle
AU - Koreasalo, Mirva
AU - Ahonen, Suvi
AU - Åkerlund, Mari
AU - Hakola, Leena
AU - Mattila, Markus
AU - Riikonen, Anne
AU - Lindfors, Katri
AU - Lönnrot, Maria
AU - Oikarinen, Sami
N1 - © The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Society for Nutrition.
PY - 2022/4/8
Y1 - 2022/4/8
N2 - BACKGROUND: High gluten intake is associated with increased risk of celiac disease (CD) in children at genetic risk.OBJECTIVES: To investigate if different dietary gluten sources up to age two years confer different risks of celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA) and CD in children at genetic risk.DESIGN: Three-day food records were collected at age six, nine, 12, 18 and 24 months from 2088 Swedish genetically at-risk children participating in a 15-year follow-up cohort study on type 1 diabetes and celiac disease. Screening for celiac disease was performed with tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (tTGA). The primary outcome was CDA, defined as persistent tTGA positivity. The secondary outcome was CD, defined as having a biopsy showing Marsh score ≥ 2 or an averaged tTGA level ≥ 100 Units. Cox regression adjusted for total gluten intake estimated hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for daily intake of gluten sources.RESULTS: During follow-up, 487 (23.3%) children developed CDA, and 242 (11.6%) developed CD. Daily intake of ≤158 g porridge at age nine months was associated with increased risk of CDA (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.05, 2.23, P = 0.026). A high daily bread intake (>18.3 g) at age 12 months was associated with increased risk of both CDA (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.05, 2.05, P = 0.023) and CD (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.10, 2.91, P = 0.019). At age 18 months, milk cereal drink was associated with an increased risk of CD (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.00, 1.33, P = 0.047) per 200 g/day increased intake. No association was found for other gluten sources up to age 24 months and risk of CDA or CD.CONCLUSIONS: A high daily intake of bread at age 12 months and milk cereal drink during the second year in life is associated with increased risk of both celiac disease autoimmunity and celiac disease in genetically at-risk children.
AB - BACKGROUND: High gluten intake is associated with increased risk of celiac disease (CD) in children at genetic risk.OBJECTIVES: To investigate if different dietary gluten sources up to age two years confer different risks of celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA) and CD in children at genetic risk.DESIGN: Three-day food records were collected at age six, nine, 12, 18 and 24 months from 2088 Swedish genetically at-risk children participating in a 15-year follow-up cohort study on type 1 diabetes and celiac disease. Screening for celiac disease was performed with tissue transglutaminase autoantibodies (tTGA). The primary outcome was CDA, defined as persistent tTGA positivity. The secondary outcome was CD, defined as having a biopsy showing Marsh score ≥ 2 or an averaged tTGA level ≥ 100 Units. Cox regression adjusted for total gluten intake estimated hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for daily intake of gluten sources.RESULTS: During follow-up, 487 (23.3%) children developed CDA, and 242 (11.6%) developed CD. Daily intake of ≤158 g porridge at age nine months was associated with increased risk of CDA (HR 1.53, 95% CI 1.05, 2.23, P = 0.026). A high daily bread intake (>18.3 g) at age 12 months was associated with increased risk of both CDA (HR 1.47, 95% CI 1.05, 2.05, P = 0.023) and CD (HR 1.79, 95% CI 1.10, 2.91, P = 0.019). At age 18 months, milk cereal drink was associated with an increased risk of CD (HR 1.16, 95% CI 1.00, 1.33, P = 0.047) per 200 g/day increased intake. No association was found for other gluten sources up to age 24 months and risk of CDA or CD.CONCLUSIONS: A high daily intake of bread at age 12 months and milk cereal drink during the second year in life is associated with increased risk of both celiac disease autoimmunity and celiac disease in genetically at-risk children.
U2 - 10.1093/ajcn/nqac086
DO - 10.1093/ajcn/nqac086
M3 - Article
C2 - 35394004
SN - 1938-3207
JO - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
JF - American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
ER -
