Wireless communications at the nanoscale

The importance of wireless communications is increasing thanks to the numerous types of services supported by wireless devices, which allow the realization of the always best connected vision. However, the dramatic boost toward miniaturization and nanoscale technologies requires rethinking of wireless communications on such a scale. While the transformation from wired to wireless communication has improved connectivity for end users and spawned new research areas, the field as a whole is approaching a crossroad. The main reason for this is the emergence of miniature devices, in particular devices that are built from nano components, which has led to new challenges for the wireless communication paradigm. Calcium signaling is a natural intercellular calcium wave found in biology cells that enables communication at short range between cells. Using this form of signaling can enable short-range communication that exploits a combination of biological constructs and engineered cells.